PersonalCorpus 版 (精华区)
发信人: cliff (夺命小辣椒), 信区: Unix
标 题: perl...options
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon Dec 6 14:11:36 1999) WWW-POST
Options
Note: on first reading this section may not make much sense to you. It's
here at the front for easy reference.
A single-character option may be combined with the following option, if
any. This is particularly useful when invoking a script using the #!
construct which only allows one argument. Example:
#!/usr/bin/perl -spi.bak # same as -s -p -i.bak
...
Options include:
-0digits
specifies the record separator ($/) as an octal number. If there are no
digits, the null character is the separator. Other switches may precede
or follow the digits. For example, if you have a version of find which
can print filenames terminated by the null character, you can say this:
find . -name '*.bak' -print0 | perl -n0e unlink
The special value 00 will cause Perl to slurp files in paragraph mode.
The value 0777 will cause Perl to slurp files whole since there is no
legal character with that value.
-a
turns on autosplit mode when used with a -n or -p. An implicit split
command to the @F array is done as the first thing inside the implicit
while loop produced by the -n or -p.
perl -ane 'print pop(@F), "\n";'
is equivalent to
while (<>) {
@F = split(' ');
print pop(@F), "\n";
}
-c
causes perl to check the syntax of the script and then exit without
executing it.
-d
runs the script under the perl debugger. See the section on Debugging.
-Dnumber
sets debugging flags. To watch how it executes your script, use -D14.
(This only works if debugging is compiled into your perl.) Another nice
value is -D1024, which lists your compiled syntax tree. And -D512
displays compiled regular expressions.
-e commandline
may be used to enter one line of script. Multiple -e commands may be
given to build up a multi-line script. If -e is given, perl will not look
for a script filename in the argument list.
-iextension
specifies that files processed by the <> construct are to be edited
in-place. It does this by renaming the input file, opening the output
file by the same name, and selecting that output file as the default for
print statements. The extension, if supplied, is added to the name of the
old file to make a backup copy. If no extension is supplied, no backup is
made. Saying "perl -p -i.bak -e "s/foo/bar/;" ... " is the same as using
the script:
#!/usr/bin/perl -pi.bak
s/foo/bar/;
which is equivalent to
#!/usr/bin/perl
while (<>) {
if ($ARGV ne $oldargv) {
rename($ARGV, $ARGV . '.bak');
open(ARGVOUT, ">$ARGV");
select(ARGVOUT);
$oldargv = $ARGV;
}
s/foo/bar/;
}
continue {
print; # this prints to original filename
}
select(STDOUT);
except that the -i form doesn't need to compare $ARGV to $oldargv to know
when the filename has changed. It does, however, use ARGVOUT for the
selected filehandle. Note that STDOUT is restored as the default output
filehandle after the loop.
You can use eof to locate the end of each input file, in case you want to
append to each file, or reset line numbering (see example under eof).
-Idirectory
may be used in conjunction with -P to tell the C preprocessor where to
look for include files. By default /usr/include and /usr/lib/perl are
searched.
-loctnum
enables automatic line-ending processing. It has two effects: first, it
automatically chops the line terminator when used with -n or -p , and
second, it assigns $\ to have the value of octnum so that any print
statements will have that line terminator added back on. If octnum is
omitted, sets $\ to the current value of $/. For instance, to trim lines
to 80 columns:
perl -lpe 'substr($_, 80) = ""'
Note that the assignment $\ = $/ is done when the switch is processed, so
the input record separator can be different than the output record
separator if the -l switch is followed by a -0 switch:
gnufind / -print0 | perl -ln0e 'print "found $_" if -p'
This sets $\ to newline and then sets $/ to the null character.
-n
causes perl to assume the following loop around your script, which makes
it iterate over filename arguments somewhat like "sed -n" or awk:
while (<>) {
... # your script goes here
}
Note that the lines are not printed by default. See -p to have lines
printed. Here is an efficient way to delete all files older than a week:
gfind . -mtime +7 -print | perl -nle 'unlink;'
This is faster than using the -exec switch of find because you don't have
to start a process on every filename found.
-p
causes perl to assume the following loop around your script, which makes
it iterate over filename arguments somewhat like sed:
while (<>) {
... # your script goes here
} continue {
print;
}
Note that the lines are printed automatically. To suppress printing use
the -n switch. A -p overrides a -n switch.
-P
causes your script to be run through the C preprocessor before
compilation by perl. (Since both comments and cpp directives begin with
the # character, you should avoid starting comments with any words
recognized by the C preprocessor such as "if", "else" or "define".)
-s
enables some rudimentary switch parsing for switches on the command line
after the script name but before any filename arguments (or before a --).
Any switch found there is removed from @ARGV and sets the corresponding
variable in the perl script. The following script prints "true" if and
only if the script is invoked with a -xyz switch.
#!/usr/bin/perl -s
if ($xyz) { print "true\n"; }
-S
makes perl use the PATH environment variable to search for the script
(unless the name of the script starts with a slash). Typically this is
used to emulate #! startup on machines that don't support #!, in the
following manner:
#!/usr/bin/perl
eval "exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 $*"
if $running_under_some_shell;
The system ignores the first line and feeds the script to /bin/sh, which
proceeds to try to execute the perl script as a shell script. The shell
executes the second line as a normal shell command, and thus starts up
the perl interpreter. On some systems $0 doesn't always contain the full
pathname, so the -S tells perl to search for the script if necessary.
After perl locates the script, it parses the lines and ignores them
because the variable $running_under_some_shell is never true. A better
construct than $* would be ${1+"$@"}, which handles embedded spaces and
such in the filenames, but doesn't work if the script is being
interpreted by csh. In order to start up sh rather than csh, some systems
may have to replace the #! line with a line containing just a colon,
which will be politely ignored by perl. Other systems can't control that,
and need a totally devious construct that will work under any of csh, sh
or perl, such as the following:
eval '(exit $?0)' && eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
& eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 $argv:q'
if 0;
-u
causes perl to dump core after compiling your script. You can then take
this core dump and turn it into an executable file by using the undump
program (not supplied). This speeds startup at the expense of some disk
space (which you can minimize by stripping the executable). (Still, a
"hello world" executable comes out to about 200K on my machine.) If you
are going to run your executable as a set-id program then you should
probably compile it using taintperl rather than normal perl. If you want
to execute a portion of your script before dumping, use the dump operator
instead. Note: availability of undump is platform specific and may not be
available for a specific port of perl.
-U
allows perl to do unsafe operations. Currently the only "unsafe"
operations are the unlinking of directories while running as superuser,
and running setuid programs with fatal taint checks turned into warnings.
-v
prints the version and patchlevel of your perl executable.
-w
prints warnings about identifiers that are mentioned only once, and
scalar variables that are used before being set. Also warns about
redefined subroutines, and references to undefined filehandles or
filehandles opened readonly that you are attempting to write on. Also
warns you if you use == on values that don't look like numbers, and if
your subroutines recurse more than 100 deep.
-xdirectory
tells perl that the script is embedded in a message. Leading garbage will
be discarded until the first line that starts with #! and contains the
string "perl". Any meaningful switches on that line will be applied (but
only one group of switches, as with normal #! processing). If a directory
name is specified, Perl will switch to that directory before running the
script. The -x switch only controls the the disposal of leading garbage.
The script must be terminated with __END__ if there is trailing garbage
to be ignored (the script can process any or all of the trailing garbage
via the DATA filehandle if desired).
--
________________
/________________/|
| | |
| 网 | |
| 络 | |
※ 来源:·紫 丁 香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 202.118.239.10]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:4.504毫秒