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发信人: light (画家), 信区: ECE
标  题: How to Write Papers in English (2)
发信站: 紫丁香 (Mon Nov 30 10:41:08 1998), 转信

⑿湃�: October (秋日传奇), 信区: DEE
标　题: How to Write Papers in English (2)
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Thu May  7 09:09:28 1998)

Fourteen Steps to a Clearly Written Technical Paper
by R. T. Compton, Jr.

A technical paper will usually have four sections. The purpose of each
of these sections is as follows:

Section I: Introduction
The Introduction should do the following:

1.  Open up the subject. (The subject will be electromagnetic fields
in cylindrical dielectric geometrics, adaptive arrays in packet radio,
or whatever.)

2.  Survey past work relevant to this paper.

3.  Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show how this
work relates to, or augments, previous work.

4.  Describe the assumptions made in general terms and state what
results have been obtained. (This gives the reader an initial overview
of what problem is addressed in the paper and what has been achieved.)

5.  Overview the contents of the paper. ("Section II contains our
formulation of the problem. Section III contains the experimental
data, ...")

Section II: Formulation of the Problem
This section should do three things:

1.  Define the problem to be considered in detail. Typically this
section might begin with something like: "Consider a packet radio
system consisting of a single central repeater surrounded by user
terminals. Each user transmits packets to the central repeater using
a slotted ALOHA protocol. The transmissions from all users are assumed
to be on the same frequency ..." the discussion should proceed in this
way until the problem is completely defined.

2.  Define all terminology and notation used. Usually the terminology
and notation are defined along with the problem itself.

3.  Develop the equations on which your results will be based and/or
describe any experimental systems.

Section III: Results
This section presents the detailed results you have obtained. If the
paper is theoretical, you will probably show curves obtained from your
equations. If the paper is experimental, you will be presenting curves
showing the measurement results. In order to choose the proper curves
to present, you must first be clear what point you are trying to convey
to the reader. The curves can then be chosen to illustrate this point.
Whether your paper is theoretical or experimental, you must provide a
careful interpretation of what your results mean and why they behave as
they do.

Section IV: Conclusion
This section should summarize what has been accomplished in the paper.
Many readers will read only the Introduction and Conclusion of your
paper. The Conclusion should be written so they can be understood by
someone who has not read the main work of the paper.

This is the most common format for an engineering paper. Of course,
the names of the sections may differ slightly from those above, but
the purpose of each section will usually be as described. Some papers
include additional sections or differ from the above outline in one way
or another. However, the outline just presented is a good starting point
for writing a technical paper.

(to be continued)

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