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发信人: lyfe (修身养性), 信区: HITSY
标 题: Dozens of human embryos cloned in China
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年03月18日10:11:08 星期一), 站内信件
Dozens of human embryos cloned in China
Chinese scientists are claiming a great leap forward in human cloning - the
creation of dozens of cloned embryos advanced enough to harvest embryonic st
em cells.
Their intention is not to copy human beings, but create genetically matched
cells to make tissues for transplant patients and for research. The work has
not yet been reported in any peer-reviewed journal but Lu Guangxiu of the X
iangya Medical College revealed details of her work in the Wall Street Journ
al on Wednesday. Experts familiar with her work say that three or four other
Chinese labs have made similar or greater strides forward.
Another team based at Shanghai No. 2 Medical University claims to have deriv
ed stem cells from hybrid embryos composed of human cells and rabbit eggs.
Xiangzhong "Jerry" Yang, a Chinese-born cloning scientist now at the Univers
ity of Connecticut at Storrs, says he has been aware of the advances being m
ade in China for a long time.
"These are credible people," he says. "I've encouraged them to publish in pe
er-reviewed journals so that they receive credit and the world knows about t
heir accomplishments."
Racing ahead
The announcement lends weight to concerns of many cloning scientists that wh
ile the research in the US and UK has been bogged down by political and ethi
cal concerns, it may be racing ahead elsewhere in the world.
"It takes the air out of the argument that by passing laws here we can stop
the technology from moving forward," says Robert Lanza of Massachusetts-base
d Advanced Cell Technology.
This is not the first report of human cloning experiments. In 1998, research
ers from South Korea claimed to have grown a cloned embryo to the four cell
stage before destroying it. And Clonaid, a company set up by a UFO cult, als
o claims to be making advances.
Lanza's ACT recently published a journal paper on cloning human embryos with
the intention of harvesting embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However that prove
d impossible since their embryos were only able divide into a few cells.
Lu's team claims to have grown their embryos to a 200 cell "blastocyst" stag
e, large enough to harvest ESCs. Lanza says he is not at all surprised his C
hinese competitors have made such progress.
"Cloning is a numbers game," says Lanza. "They had access to far greater num
bers." In cloning, a cell is fused with an egg from which the genetic materi
al is removed. Given the difficulty of obtaining human eggs and informed con
sent in the US, ACT was only able to construct 19 embryos for their experime
nt.
Leftover eggs
But regulations are far less restrictive in China. Lu, who directs a large f
ertility clinic, simply asked some of the dozens of women who walked through
her door each day to donate their leftover eggs. She claims that now five p
er cent of her cloned embryos develop to blastocysts.
From these, her team has harvested what they believe are ESCs and grown them
for three generations in the laboratory. ESCs are able to develop into any
cell type in the body.
If verified, the work is a major step forward, but it is not yet clear wheth
er the cells they have grown are of any medical value, or indeed if they are
ESCs.
Many human cells have the capacity to grow in the laboratory for several gen
erations. To convince other scientists she has found ESCs, Lu will need to g
row the cells through many more cycles, perhaps for as long as a year. She w
ill also need to verify the cells have the molecular signatures of ESCs.
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