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发信人: lyfe (修身养性), 信区: HITSY
标 题: UK gives go-ahead for human cloing
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年03月18日10:12:05 星期一), 站内信件
UK scientists have been given the final go-ahead to conduct limited human cl
oning.
In December 2000, the British government passed a law permitting the cloning
of early embryos to provide stem cells for experimentation and medical trea
tments. But such research was put on hold, awaiting the conclusions of a Hou
se of Lords select committee report on stem cell research.
In that report, published on Wednesday, the committee approved both research
on embryonic stem cells, with a view to developing new treatments for disea
se, and therapeutic cloning, involving the cloning of embryos up to 14 days
old. It also backed calls for the establishment of a UK stem cell bank.
Therapeutic cloning could provide treatment cells that would not be rejected
by the patient. But the committee thinks cloning of early embryos is more l
ikely to be used as a research tool, to better understand the behaviour of a
dult stem cells and how they might be manipulated. There is "a powerful case
for its use", the committee says.
The way is now clear for the regulatory body, the Human Fertilisation and Em
bryology Authority, to issue licences for such work.
Embryo or adult
Scientists hope that stem cells could be used to treat a wide variety of dis
eases, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Anti-abortion campaigners argu
e that adult stem cells could be as effective as similar cells from embryos.
But the committee disagreed.
"There is a clear scientific case for continued research on embryonic stem (
ES) cells, in order that the full potential of adult stem cells for therapy
can be realised and because it is likely that some therapies will need to us
e ES cells," the report says.
"Recent research on adult stem cells also holds promise of therapies and res
earch on them should be strongly encouraged by funding bodies and the govern
ment," it says. But "to ensure maximum medical benefit it is necessary to ke
ep both routes to therapy open at present, since neither alone is likely to
meet all therapeutic needs."
Fundamental research on ES cells should provide new insights on how to isola
te, grow and differentiate adult stem cells into new types of cell, it says.
But the committee says the government should undertake a further review sci
entific progress in the field towards the end of the decade.
Cell bank
The UK Department of Health has previously called for a stem cell bank to be
established. This bank would hold all adult and embryonic stem cell lines g
enerated in the UK. The committee has given strong support to this proposal.
"Before granting any new licence to establish human ES cell lines, the HFEA
should satisfy itself that there are no existing ES cell lines in the bank s
uitable for the proposed research."
In the US, publicly funded researchers are restricted to working only on exi
sting US embryonic stem cell lines. Regulations in the UK are the most liber
al in the world.
UK action group Comment on Reproductive Ethics says the committee's conclusi
ons were "a foregone conclusion". It says: "The conclusion we have reached a
fter looking at the oral presentation of scientific evidence to the select c
ommittee is that it has been relentlessly biased towards the benefits of cel
l nuclear replacement and embryonic stem cell work."
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