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发信人: lyfe (修身养性), 信区: HITSY
标 题: Cloners create world's first copy-cat
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年03月18日10:12:46 星期一), 站内信件
Cloners create world's first copy-cat
Cloners in Texas have announced the birth of the world's first clone of a do
mestic cat. The kitten is called Cc in honour of the project that created he
r - Carbon copy - and ends a long struggle to clone cats.
She has put on weight as expected and appears healthy, say the researchers w
ho created her, but they have yet to conduct full tests of her physiology.
Photo: Texas A&M University
"When she's older we'll examine her further and mate her," says Duane Kraeme
r at Texas A&M University in College Station. "We can't do many tests while
she's still so small." A recent study in mice suggests some clones may devel
op health problems later in life.
Alexander Capron, a bioethicist at the University of Southern California in
Los Angeles, believes Cc will have a significant effect on the public percep
tion of cloning: "To most people, cloning has been an abstract thing in a ba
rnyard somewhere - this really brings cloning close to home."
Cumulus cells
In cloning, the genetic material is sucked out of an egg and replaced with t
he nucleus from a donor cell, a process called nuclear transfer. Kraemer, Ma
rk Westhusin and their colleagues used two different types of cells from the
ir feline donors: skin cells from the donor's mouth, and cumulus cells which
nurture the developing egg.
Nuclear transfer embryos made from 84 skin cells and three cumulus cells wer
e implanted into eight surrogate mothers. The result was two pregnancies. On
e fetus stopped developing in the second month, the other yielded Cc, an app
arently healthy kitten delivered by caesarian at 66 days of gestation on 22
December 2001.
Genetic analysis proved that Cc was a clone of the cumulus cell donor. While
the overall efficiency was as low as in other species, around one per cent,
it is possible that by using only cumulus cells the researchers would impro
ve efficiency. But using only cumulus cells would make cloning males impossi
ble.
The same, but different
However consumers might want to think carefully before they attempt to dupli
cate their own beloved kitty as Cc does not look exactly like her older twin
. That is because she was cloned from a calico (or tortoiseshell) cat, whose
coat pattern is determined by environmental as well as genetic factors.
For Capron that underscores an irony of pet cloning. Presumably owners want
to clone pets to recreate a lost animal - no other animal is a fit substitut
e. But a pet's personality, even more so than coat colour, is created by a c
ombination of genetics and environmental factors that are difficult to contr
ol. "People want to buy this sort of immortality for little Fifi, but there'
s no reason to think they can really do it," he says.
Kraemer says that a while a clone is not a perfect copy it is as close as an
yone can get. "But we do want people to know this is reproduction, not resur
rection," he says.
A Texan company called Genetic, Savings and Clone has an exclusive license t
o use this cloning technology and have been charging people to freeze tissue
from their pet cats and dogs. So far efforts to clone dogs have failed.
Journal reference: Nature (DOI: 10.1038/nature723)
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