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发信人: lyfe (修身养性), 信区: HITSY
标 题: Stem cells from embryo created without sperm
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年03月18日10:14:26 星期一), 站内信件
Stem cells from embryo created without sperm
US scientists have isolated stem cells from monkey embryos created using onl
y an egg. They then coaxed these stem cells into taking on the characteristi
cs of neurons, heart muscle and other tissue types.
The embryos were generated through a process called parthenogenesis, in whic
h the egg is never fertilized, but instead duplicates one set of chromosomes
. That duplication is lethal, because two maternal sets of chromosomes are i
ncompatible. But the so-called "parthenote" that results still develops far
enough so that the equivalent of embryonic stem cells can be harvested from
it.
The breakthrough by researchers at the Wake Forest University School of Medi
cine, in North Carolina, and Advanced Cell Technology in Massachusetts, was
first reported in New Scientist in October 2001. It provides a way of obtain
ing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) without destroying a potential life.
Research involving ESCs is ethically controversial, because it involves the
destruction of an embryo that could develop into a child. Therapeutic clonin
g - which would involve creating a cloned embryo of a patient, to act as a s
ource of compatible stem cells for treatment - is similarly problematic.
The new cells seem to have very similar properties to regular embryonic stem
cells, the scientists report. They can grow as an undifferentiated cell lin
e, which means that the cells can remain as "blank slates" in the culture di
sh. But they can also be coaxed into becoming cells with the characteristics
of neurons, heart muscle and other tissue types.
No assumptions
"This line seems to be ideally suited to develop tissue [replacement] therap
y for neural diseases such as Parkinsons'," says researcher Kathleen A. Gran
t of Wake Forest University.
The researchers believe there is no reason why similar cells could not be de
rived from humans. In fact, in November 2001, ACT reported the successful cr
eation of human parthenotes - although no stem cells were derived from them.
The research is a welcome step forward, says Azim Surani of the The Wellcome
Trust and Cancer Research Campaign Institute of Cancer and Developmental Bi
ology in Cambridge.
But before any therapeutic applications are developed, it is important to ma
ke sure that the cells function normally, he warns. That is especially impor
tant with cells derived through parthenogenesis, because they have two sets
of female chromosomes, instead of one set each from a male and a female.
Surani did extensive experiments in the 1980s with similar cells from mice.
He says it was relatively simple to transform them into certain tissues, lik
e neurons. But he had less success at making others, such as muscle.
"We should be aware that there are differences between normal ES cells and p
arthenogenetically-derived cells," says Surani. "We can't assume they are pe
rfectly all right."
Journal reference: Science (vol 295, p8)
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