HITSY 版 (精华区)
发信人: lyfe (修身养性), 信区: HITSY
标 题: Ultimate stem cell discovered
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年03月18日10:15:13 星期一), 站内信件
Ultimate stem cell discovered
A stem cell has been found in adults that can turn into every single tissue
in the body. It might turn out to be the most important cell ever discovered
.
Until now, only stem cells from early embryos were thought to have such prop
erties. If the finding is confirmed, it will mean cells from your own body c
ould one day be turned into all sorts of perfectly matched replacement tissu
es and even organs.
Ethical dilemma: Why most researchers insist embryonic stem cell studies mus
t continue
If so, there would be no need to resort to therapeutic cloning - cloning peo
ple to get matching stem cells from the resulting embryos. Nor would you hav
e to genetically engineer embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to create a "one cell
fits all" line that does not trigger immune rejection. The discovery of such
versatile adult stem cells will also fan the debate about whether embryonic
stem cell research is justified.
"The work is very exciting," says Ihor Lemischka of Princeton University. "T
hey can differentiate into pretty much everything that an embryonic stem cel
l can differentiate into."
Remarkable findings
The cells were found in the bone marrow of adults by Catherine Verfaillie at
the University of Minnesota. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary pro
of, and though the team has so far published little, a patent application se
en by New Scientist shows the team has carried out extensive experiments.
These confirm that the cells - dubbed multipotent adult progenitor cells, or
MAPCs - have the same potential as ESCs. "It's very dramatic, the kinds of
observations [Verfaillie] is reporting," says Irving Weissman of Stanford Un
iversity. "The findings, if reproducible, are remarkable."
At least two other labs claim to have found similar cells in mice, and one b
iotech company, MorphoGen Pharmaceuticals of San Diego, says it has found th
em in skin and muscle as well as human bone marrow. But Verfaillie's team ap
pears to be the first to carry out the key experiments needed to back up the
claim that these adult stem cells are as versatile as ESCs.
Verfaillie extracted the MAPCs from the bone marrow of mice, rats and humans
in a series of stages. Cells that do not carry certain surface markers, or
do not grow under certain conditions, are gradually eliminated, leaving a po
pulation rich in MAPCs. Verfaillie says her lab has reliably isolated the ce
lls from about 70 per cent of the 100 or so human volunteers who donated mar
row samples.
Indefinite growth
The cells seem to grow indefinitely in culture, like ESCs. Some cell lines h
ave been growing for almost two years and have kept their characteristics, w
ith no signs of ageing, she says.
Given the right conditions, MAPCs can turn into a myriad of tissue types: mu
scle, cartilage, bone, liver and different types of neurons and brain cells.
Crucially, using a technique called retroviral marking, Verfaillie has show
n that the descendants of a single cell can turn into all these different ce
ll types - a key experiment in proving that MAPCs are truly versatile.
Also, Verfaillie's group has done the tests that are perhaps the gold standa
rd in assessing a cell's plasticity. She placed single MAPCs from mice into
very early mouse embryos, when they are just a ball of cells. Analyses of mi
ce born after the experiment reveal that a single MAPC can contribute to all
the body's tissues.
MAPCs have many of the properties of ESCs, but they are not identical. Unlik
e ESCs, for example, they do not seem to form cancerous masses if you inject
them into adults. This would obviously be highly desirable if confirmed. "T
he data looks very good, it's very hard to find any flaws," says Lemischka.
But it still has to be independently confirmed by other groups, he adds.
Fundamental questions
Meanwhile, there are some fundamental questions that must be answered, exper
ts say. One is whether MAPCs really form functioning cells.
Stem cells that differentiate may express markers characteristic of many dif
ferent cell types, says Freda Miller of McGill University. But simply detect
ing markers for, say, neural tissue does not prove that a stem cell really h
as become a working neuron.
Verfaillie's findings also raise questions about the nature of stem cells. H
er team thinks that MAPCs are rare cells present in the bone marrow that can
be fished out through a series of enriching steps. But others think the sel
ection process actually creates the MAPCs.
"I don't think there is 'a cell' that is lurking there that can do this. I t
hink that Catherine has found a way to produce a cell that can behave this w
ay," says Neil Theise of New York University Medical School
--
讨厌孤独
忍受孤独
享受孤独
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 202.118.170.226]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:3.400毫秒