发信人: bigapple (红富士), 信区: NTM
标 题: What is EDM
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Fri Dec 31 15:14:00 1999), 转信
Understanding electrical-discharge machining. . An inconceivable, devastati
ng thunderstorm. Hundreds of thousands of electrical discharges per second.
An overwhelming sequence of lightning flashes, each single one leaves traces
, and where it strikes the temperature rises to dizzy heights.
Even the hardest steel melts like butter, vaporizes after the explosion in
to a whirl of gas, metal particles, ions and electrons. What remains is a cr
ater on the surface. A devastation such as has never been seen before.
But everything is under control.Everything is taking place in minute dimensi
ons. The lightning flashes, as long as the diameter of a hair - the discharg
e, a sharp, hardly perceivable sparkling - the thunder, a subdued buzzing an
d the devastation, ?just? a carefully targeted, highly precise recess in the
metal regulated by highly developed electronic and mechanical systems. Depe
nding on the intensity, frequency, duration, length and polarity of the disc
harges, the results are very varied.
How does that go about? Two metal parts submerged in an insulating liquid
are connected to a source of current which can be switched on and off at wil
l. When the current is switched on, an electric tension is created between t
he two metal parts. If the two parts are brought together to within a fracti
on of an inch, the electrical tension is discharged and a spark jumps across
. Where it strikes, the metal is heated up so much that it melts. Innumerabl
e such sparks spray, one after the other (never simultaneously) and graduall
y shape the desired form in the piece of metal, according to the shape of th
e electrode. Several hundred thousand such sparks must fly per second before
erosion takes place.
There are two different processes: die-sinking EDM and wire-cut EDM. In bo
th processes the electrical energy from the power supply is transformed acco
rding to the desired result by means of highly developed, controlled pulse g
enerators. The EDM process normally takes place in an insulating liquid (wat
er or an oil emulsive liquid) which is constantly regenerated and filtered i
n order to remove all metal residue. So the external conditions remain uncha
nged during the whole process, even if the latter lasts hours or days. The c
apacities of the present-day equipment are extreme: high cutting speed and r
emoval, extremely efficient automatic operation, interlinking and storage of
very long and recurring machining cycles, as well as a practically one hund
red per cent monitoring of the final shape and surface of the metals being m
achined - from dead-smooth to extremely rough. Thanks to these special prope
rties, EDM is regarded as the technology with great perspectives for the fut
ure.
Die-sinking EDM. In the case of die-sinking EDM, the required shape is for
med negatively in the metal with a three-dimensional electrode. By superimpo
sed movements in the main axes x, y, c, z, the most varied shapes, indentati
ons and cavities are created, such as can not in part be achieved by any oth
er machining system. For example, a helicoid cavity or a rectangular hole in
one single steel block or the machining of an extremely thin, hardened stee
l sheet that may not be subjected to any mechanical pressure.
Wire-cut EDM. In the case of the wire-cut process, the required shape is ?
computer? stored and passed as comprehensible codes to the machine which the
n cuts the shape independently by guiding the wire along the given stretch.
In the case of complicated shapes requiring cuts, or angled, conical or othe
r unusual surfaces, the upper and lower wire guide systems carry out differi
ng movements accordingly.
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