Tsinghua 版 (精华区)
发信人: Landau (Dau), 信区: Tsinghua
标 题: [转载] Of studies
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon Aug 31 20:49:51 1998), 转信
【 以下文字转载自 English 讨论区 】
【 原文由 athene 所发表 】
OF STUDIES [Francis Bacon]
Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their
chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for or-
nament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgement
and disposition of business;for expert men can execute,and
perhaps judge of particulars,one by one;but the general
counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs come
best from those that are learned.To spend too much time
in studies,is sloth;to use them too much for ornament,is
affectation;to make judgement wholly by their rules,is the
humour of a scholar;they perfect nature,and are perfected by
experience;for natural abilities are like natural plants,that
pruning by study;and studies themselves do give forth directions
too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.
Crafty men contemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise men
use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom
without them and above them,won by abservation.Read not to
contradict and confute,nor to believe and take for granted,
nor to find talk and discourse,but to weight and consider.
Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some
few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be
read only in parts;others to be read but not curiously;and
some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.
Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of
them by others;but that would be only in the less important
arguments and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books
are,like common distilled waters,flashy things.Reading maketh
a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man;
and therefore,if a man write little,he had need have a great
memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit;
and if he read little,he had need have much cunning,to seem
to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise;poets,witty;
the mathematics,subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral,grave;
logic and rhetoric,able to contend:ABEUNT STUDIA IN MORES;
nay,there is no stand or impediment in the wit,but may be
wrought out by fit studies;like as diseases of the body may
have appropriate exercises;bowling is good for the stone and
reins,shooting for the lungs and breast,gentle walking for
the stomach,riding for the head,and the like;so if a man's
wit be wandering,let him study the mathematics;for in
demonstrations,if his wit be called away never so little,he
must begin again;if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find
difference,let him study the schoolmen;for they are CUMINI
SECTORES.If he be not apt to beat over matters,and to call up
one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the
lawyers' cases:so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
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※ 来源:.紫 丁 香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: 203.207.227.5]
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