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标 题: 管理信息系统——网络化企业的组织与技术(第六版)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年11月09日14:58:18 星期六), 站内信件
管理信息系统——网络化企业的组织与技术(第六版 影印版) ISBN 7-04-010046-1/T
P.698P691
Management Information Systems2 : Organization and Technology in the Net
worked Enterprise (Sixth Edition)
Kenneth C.Laudon, Jane P. Laudon,2001.4出版,定价:39.00元
本书的主要内容包括五个方面:(1)信息系统的组织基础,主要讲解系统的组织基
础与战略作用;(2)信息系统的技术基础,提供了硬件、软件、存储等方面的技术;(
3)现代构建信息系统的方法,关注的焦点是使用信息系统对组织进行再设计的过程;(
4)管理与组织的支持系统,主要描述信息系统在获取知识、分布组织、增强管理决策等
方面的作用;(5)现代信息系统的管理,包括安全保护、控制和全球系统的发展等内容
。
书中除延续了前五版的优点外,还增加了许多新的特色。其中以企业资源计划(ER
P)、Internet、电子贸易和电子商业的内容贯穿全书,并以美国的100多家企业和加拿
大、欧洲、澳大利亚、亚洲、非洲的100个组织为实例,实际讲解了企业中的管理、组织
与技术应用,同时在每章中都附有图示来说明各个企业对管理、组织与技术应用的不同
解决方案,使学生能够根据实际问题来学习理论知识,做到理论与实践相结合。
本书适合于本科高年级学生及MBA课程教学使用。
内容:1. 信息系统革命:商业与管理的转换 2. 信息系统的战略作用 3. 信息系统
、组织与商业过程 4. 信息、管理与决策的组织 5. 信息系统的道德与社会影响 6. 计
算机与信息处理 7. 信息系统软件 8. 管理数据资源 9. 电信与网络 10. 因特网:电子
贸易与电子商务 11. 信息系统对组织的重新设计 12. 系统构建的方法13. 系统的成败
:实现14. 管理知识 15. 管理决策的增强 16. 信息系统安全与控制 17. 全球化信息系
统的管理 18. 管理基础与企业系统
About the Authors
Kenneth C. Laudon is a Professor of Information Systems at New York Univ
ersity’s Stern School of Business. He holds a B.A. in Economics from Stanfo
rd and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. He has authored eleven books dealin
g with information systems, organizations, and society. Professor Laudon has
also written over forty articles concerned with the social, organizational,
and management impacts of information systems, privacy, ethics, and multime
dia technology.
Professor Laudon’s current research is on the planning and management o
f large-scale information systems and multimedia information technology. He
has received grants from the National Science Foundation to study the evolut
ion of national information systems at the Social Security Administration, t
he IRS, and the FBI. A part of this research is concerned with computer-rela
ted organizational and occupational changes in large organizations, changes
in management ideology, changes in public, and understanding productivity ch
anges in knowledge sector.
Ken Laudon has testified as an expert before the United States Congress.
He has been a researcher and consultant to the Office of Technology Assessm
ent (United States Congress) and to the Office of the President, server exec
utive branch agencies, and Congressional Committees. Professor Laudon also a
cts as an in-house educator for several consulting firms and as a consultant
on systems planning and strategy to several Fortune 500 firms. Ken works wi
th the Concours Group to Provide advice to firms developing enterprise syste
ms.
Ken Laudon’s hobby is sailing.
Jane Price Laudon is a management consultant in the information systems
area and the author of seven books. Her special interests include systems an
alysis, data management, MIS auditing, software evaluation, and teaching bus
iness professionals how to design and use information systems.
Jane received her Ph.D. from Columbia University, her M.A. from Harvard
University, and her B.A. from Barnard College. She has taught at Columbia Un
iversity and the New York University Graduate School of Business. She mainta
ins a lifelong interest in Oriental languages and civilizations.
Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in the Netwo
rked Enterprise reflects a deep understanding of MIS research and teaching a
s well as Practical experience designing and building real world systems.
Preface
Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in the Netwo
rked Enterprise(Sixth Edition) is based on the precise that it is difficult,
if not impossible, to manage a modern organization without at least some kn
owledge of information systems--what they are, how they affect the organizat
ion and its employees, and how they can make businesses more competitive and
efficient. Information systems have become essential for creating competiti
ve firms, managing global corporations, and providing useful products and se
rvices to customers. This book provides an introduction to management inform
ation systems that undergraduate and MBA students will find vital to their p
rofessional success.
The Information Revolution in Business and Management: The New Role of Infor
mation Systems
Globalization of trade, the emergence of information economies, and the
growth of the Internet and other global communications networks have recast
the role of information systems in business and management. The Internet is
becoming the foundation for new business models, new business processes, and
new ways of distributing knowledge. Companies can use the Internet and netw
orking technology to conduct more of their work electronically, seamlessly l
inking factories, offices, and sales forces around the globe. Companies such
as Coca-Cola, Dell Computer, and Safeway UK are extending these networks to
suppliers, customers, and other groups outside the organization so they can
react instantly to customer demands and market shifts. When Coca-Cola corpo
rate managers use information systems to examine their daily operations, the
y will be able to find out exactly which bottling plant and which channel we
re used to sell Coca-Cola in a 500 milliliter bottle in any supermarket thro
ughout the world. This digital integration within the firm and without, from
the warehouse to the executive suite, is starting to become a reality. Acco
rdingly, we have changed the subtitle of this text to Organization and Techn
ology in the Networked Enterprise.
New to the Sixth Edition
The Internet has created a universal platform for buying and selling goo
ds. Its technology also provides powerful capabilities for driving important
business processes inside the company and for linking such processes electr
onically to those of other organizations. This edition more fully explores t
he electronic business uses of the Internet for the management of the firm a
s well as the Internet's growing role in electronic commerce. It includes de
tailed treatment of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and related t
echnology for creating extended enterprises that electronically link the fir
m to suppliers and other industry partners. The text provides a complete set
of tools for integrating the Internet and multimedia technology into the MI
S course. The following features and content reflect this new direction:
·Detailed Coverage of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Extended E
nterprises
We introduce enterprise resource planning (ERP) in Chapter 1 and provide
descriptions, discussions and case studies of ERP systems throughout the te
xt, We have added an entirely new chapter (Chapter 1 8) with detailed treatm
ent of the management. organization, and technology issues surrounding the i
mplementation of ERP systems and the use of these systems. the Internet. and
other technologies to link with other organizations in industry-wide networ
ks and global supply chains.
·New Tools for Interactive Learning
A Tools for Interactive Learning section concluding each chapter shows s
tudents how they can extend their knowledge of each chapter with projects an
d exercises on the Laudon Web site and the optional CD-ROM multimedia editio
n.
Tools for interactive Learning:
Students and instructors can see at a glance exactly how the Web can be
used to enhance student learning for each chapter. Students can also see imm
ediately how the chapter can be used in conjunction with the optional CD-ROM
.
·Internet: The Internet Connect on for this chapter will take yon to a
Web site where you can view an interactive demonstration of an intranet. You
can complete an exercise to evaluate how companies can use intranets to red
uce agency costs and make the management process more efficient. You can als
o use the Interactive Study Guide to test your knowledge of the topics in th
is chapter and get instant feedback when you need more practice.
·CD-ROM: If you purchase and use the Multimedia Edition CDR0M with this
chapter, you will find in interactive exercise which asks you to apply the
correct model of organizational decision making to solve a set of problems Y
ou can also find an audio overview of the major themes of this chapter and b
ullet text summarizing the key points of the chapter.
·Focus on Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business
The internet electronic commerce, and electronic business are introduced
in Chapter 1 and integrated throughout the text and the entire learning pac
kage. A Full chapter entitled The Internet: Electronic Commerce and Electron
ic Business (Chapter 10) describes the underlying technology, capabilities,
and benefits of the Internet, with expanded treatment of electronic commerce
, Internet business models, and the use of internal management of the firm.
·Internet, Electronic Commerce, and Electronic Business Integrated into
Every Chapter
Every chapter contains a Window On box, case study or in-text discussion
of electronic commerce, electronic business, or the use of the Internet in
changing a particular aspect of information systems.
·Enhanced Laudon & Laudon Web Site for Management Problem Solving and I
nteractive Learning
The Laudon & Laudon Web site has been enhanced to provide a wide array o
f capabilities for interactive learning and management problem solving that
have been carefully prepared for use with the text. They include:
·Interactive Study Guide and Internet Connections for Each Chapter
For each chapter of the text the Web site features an Interactive Study
Guide and Internet Connection exercise.
The on-line Interactive Study Guide helps students review and test their
mastery of chapter concepts with a series of multiple-choice, true-false, a
nd essay questions.
Internet Connections noted by marginal icons in the chapter direct stude
nts to exercises and Projects on the Laudon Web site related to organization
s and concepts in that chapter. Included are Web-based exercises and interac
tive Electronic Commerce exercises that apply chapter concepts to using the
Web for management problem solving.
·A Virtual Tour of Electronic Commerce Sites
Students can take a tour of electronic commerce sites on the Web, where
they can explore the various Internet business models and electronic commerc
e capabilities discussed in the text. Students can use what they have learne
d on the tour to complete a comprehensive electronic commerce project.
·Additional Case Studies
The Web site contains additional case studies with hyperlinks to the Web
sites of the organizations they discuss.
·Technology Updates
The Web site provides technology updates to keep instructors and student
s abreast of leading-edge technology changes.
·International Web Sites
Links to Web sites of non-U.S. countries are provided for users interest
ed in more international material.
Unique Features of This Text
Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in the Netwo
rked Enterprise (Sixth Edition) has many unique features designed to create
an active, dynamic learning environment.
·Technology integrated with Content
An interactive CD-ROM multimedia version of the text can be purchased as
an optional tem. In addition to the full text and bullet text summaries by
chapter, the CD-ROM features interactive exercises, simulations, audio/video
overviews explaining key concepts, on-line quizzes, hyperlinks to the exerc
ises on the Laudon Web site, technology updates, and more, Students can use
the CD-ROM as an interactive supplement or as an alternative to the traditio
nal text.
·Integrated Framework for Describing and Analyzing information Systems
An integrated framework portrays information systems as being composed o
f management, organization, and technology elements. This framework is used
throughout the text to describe and analyze information systems and informat
ion system problems.
·Real-World Examples
Real-world examples drawn from business and public organizations are use
d throughout to illustrate text concepts. More than 100 companies in the Uni
ted States and 100 organizations in Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia, and Afr
ica are discussed.
Each chapter contains three Window On boxes (Window on Management, Windo
w on Organizations, Window on Technology) that present real-world examples i
llustrating the management, organization, and technology issues in the chapt
er Each Window On box concludes with a section called To Think About contain
ing questions for students to apply chapter concepts to management problem s
olving. The themes for each box are:
Window on management: Management problems raised by systems and their so
lution; management strategies and plans; careers and experiences of managers
using systems.
Window on Technology: Hardware, software, telecommunications, data stora
ge, standards, and systems-building methodologies.
Window on Organizations: Activities of private and public organizations
using information systems;
·Management Wrap-Up Overviews of Key Issues
Management Wrap-Up sections at the end of each chapter summarize key iss
ues using the authors management, organization, and technology framework for
analyzing information systems.
·A Truly International Perspective
In addition to a full chapter on managing international information syst
ems (Chapter 17), all chapters of the text are illustrated with real-world e
xamples from one hundred corporations in Canada, Europe, Asia, Latin America
, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East. Each chapter contains at least one
Window On box, case study, or opening vignette drawn from a non-U.S. firm a
nd often more. The text concludes with five major international case studies
contributed by leading MIS experts in Canada, Europe, Singapore, and Austra
lia-Len Fertuck, University of Toronto (Canada); Helmut Krcmar, Stephan Wilc
zek, and Gerhard Schwabe, University of Hohenheim (Germany); Donald Marchand
. Thomas Vollmann, and Kimberly Bechler, International institute for Managem
ent Development (Switzerland); Boon Siong Neo and Christina Sob, Nanyang Tec
hnologica] University (Singapore); and Peter Weill and J.B.Barolsky, Univers
ity of Melbourne, (Australia).
·Attention to Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs
A diamond-shaped symbol identifies in-text discussions and specially des
ignated chapteropening vignettes, Window On boxes, and ending case studies t
hat highlight the experiences and challenges of small businesses and entrepr
eneurs using information systems.
·Pedagogy to Promote Active Learning and Management Problem Solving
Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in the Netwo
rked Enterprise (Sixth Edition) contains many features that encourage studen
ts to learn actively and to engage in management problem solving.
·Croup Projects
At the end of each chapter is a group project that encourages students t
o develop teamwork and oral and written presentation skills. The group proje
cts have been enhanced in this edition to make even better use of the Intern
et. For instance, students might be asked to work in small groups to evaluat
e the Web sites of two competing businesses or to develop a corporate ethics
code on privacy that considers e-mail privacy and the monitoring of employe
es using networks.
·Management Challenges Section
Each chapter begins with several challenges relating to the chapter topi
c that managers are likely to encounter. These challenges are multifaceted a
nd sometimes pose dilemmas. They make excellent springboards for class discu
ssion. Some of these Management Challenges are: finding the right Internet b
usiness model; overcoming the organizational obstacles to building a databas
e environment; and agreeing on quality standards for information systems.
·Case Studies
Each chapter concludes with a case study based on a real-world organizat
ion. These cases help students synthesize chapter concepts and apply this ne
w knowledge to concrete problems and scenarios. Major part-ending case studi
es, international case studies, and electronic case studies at the Laudon &
Laudon Web site provide additional opportunities for management problem solv
ing.
Book Overview
Part One is concerned with the organizational foundations of systems and
their emerging strategic role. It provides an extensive introduction to rea
l-world systems, focusing on their relationship to organizations, management
, and important ethical and social issues.
Part Two Provides the technical foundation for understanding information
systems, describing hardware, software, storage, and telecommunications tec
hnologies.
Part Two concludes by describing how all of the information technologies
work together through the Internet to support electronic commerce and elect
ronic business.
Part Three focuses on the process of redesigning organizations using inf
ormation systems, including reengineering of critical business processes. We
see systems analysis and design as an exercise in organizational design, on
e that requires great sensitivity to the right tools and techniques, quality
assurance, and change management.
Part Four describes the role of information systems in capturing and dis
tributing organizational knowledge and in enhancing management decision maki
ng. It shows how knowledge management, work group collaboration, and individ
ual and group decision making can be supported by the use of knowledge work,
group collaboration, artificial intelligence, decision support, and executi
ve support systems.
Part Five concludes the text by examining the special management challen
ges and opportunities created by the pervasiveness and power of contemporary
information systems and the global connectivity of the internet: ensuring s
ecurity, control, developing global systems, and building enterprisewide sys
tems and industrial networks. Throughout the text emphasis is placed on usin
g information technology to redesign the organization's products, services,
procedures, jobs, and management structures; numerous examples are drawn fro
m multinational systems and global business environments.
·Chapter outline
Each chapter contains the following:
☉A detailed outline at the beginning to provide an overview
☉An opening vignette describing a real-world organization to establish
the theme and importance of the chapter
☉A diagram analyzing the opening vignette in terms of the management, o
rganization, and technology model used throughout the text
☉A list of learning objectives
☉Management Challenges related to the chapter theme
☉Marginal glosses of key terms in the text
☉An internet Connection icon directing students to related material on
the internet
☉A Management Wrap-Up tying together the key management, organization,
and technology issues for the chapter, with questions for discussion
☉A chapter summary keyed to the learning objectives
☉A list of key terms that the student can use to review concepts
☉Review questions for students to test their comprehension of chapter m
aterial
☉A group Project to develop teamwork and presentation skills
☉A Tools for interactive Learning section showing specifically how the
chapter can be integrated with the Laudon Web site and optional CD-ROM editi
on of the text
☉A chapter-ending case study that illustrates important themes
·Instructor's Resource CD-ROM (013-040202-8)
Most of the support material described below is now conveniently provide
d for adopters on the Instructor's Resource CD-ROM. The CD includes the Inst
ructor's Resource Manual, Test item File, Windows PH Test Manager, Transpare
ncy Masters, PowerPoint Slides, and the helpful lecture tool "Image Library"
.
·Image Library
The Image Library is a wonderful resource to help instructors create vib
rant lecture presentations. Just about every figure and photo found in the t
ext is provided and organized by chapter for your convenience. Lecture notes
are supplied for each image and are housed within each chapter folder. Alon
g with the lecture notes, a complete listing of the images and their copyrig
ht information are also provided. These images and lecture notes can be easi
ly imported into Microsoft PowerPoint to create new presentations or to add
to existing sets.
·Instructor's Manual (013-04020 1 -X)
The instructor's Manual, written by Dr. Glenn Bottoms of Gardner-Webb Un
iversity, features not only answers to review discussion, case-study, and gr
oup-project questions, but also an indepth lecture outline, teaching objecti
ves, key terms, teaching suggestions, and internet resources. This supplemen
t can be downloaded from the secure faculty section of the Laudon/Laudon Web
site and is also available on the Instructor's Resource CD-ROM.
·Test Item File (013-040204-4)
The Test item File is a comprehensive collection of true/false, multiple
-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and essay questions, written by Dr. Lisa Miller
of Central Oklahoma University. The questions are rated by difficulty level
and the answers are referenced by section. An electronic version of the Test
item File is available as the Windows PH Test Managed also found on the Ins
tructor's Resource CD-ROM.
·PowerPoint Slides (on Web and instructor's CD-ROM)
Over one-hundred electronic color slides created by Dr. Edward Fisher of
Central Michigan University are available in Microsoft PowerPoint- Version
97. The slides illuminate and build on key concepts in the text. In addition
, they contain hyperlinks to the Laudon Web site within each chapter. The Po
werPoints can be downloaded from the Web site and are available on the Instr
uctor's Resource CD-ROM within Image Library.
·Color Transparencies (013-040207-9)
One-hundred full-color transparency acetates are available to adopters.
These transparencies, taken from figures in the text, provide additional vis
ual support to class lectures. The transparency masters are also available a
s Acrobat files on the Web site and on the instructor's Resource CD-ROM.
·Video (013-040208-7)
Video clips are provided to adopters to enhance class discussion and pro
jects. These clips highlight real-world corporations and organizations and i
llustrate key concepts found in the text.
·Web Site
The Laudon/Laudon text is once again supported by an excellent Web site
at happ://www.prenhall.com/Laudon that truly reinforces and enhances text ma
terial with Electronic Commerce Projects, Internet Exercises, an interactive
Study Guide, and International Resources. The Web site also features a secu
re, password-protected faculty area, from which instructors can download the
instructor's Manual, PowerPoint Slides, and Transparency Masters. Please se
e its complete description found earlier in this preface.
·Tutorial Software
For instructors looking for Application Software support to use with thi
s text, Prentice Hall is pleased to offer CBT CD-ROMs for Microsoft Office 9
7 and, soon, for Office 2000. These exciting tutorial CDs are fully certifie
d up to the expert level of the Microsoft Office User Specialist (MOUS) Cert
ification Program. They are not available as stand-alone items but can be pa
ckaged with the Laudon/Laudon text at an additional charge. Please contact y
our local Prentice Hall representative for more details.
·Software Cases
A series of optional management software cases called Solve it! Manageme
nt problem Solving with PC Software has been developed to support the text.
Solve it! consists of 10 spreadsheet cases, 10 database cases, and 6 Interne
t projects drawn from real-world businesses, plus a data disk with the files
required by the cases. The cases are graduated in difficulty. The case book
contains complete tutorial documentation showing how to use spreadsheet, da
tabase, and Web browser software to solve the Problems. A new version Of Sol
ve it! with all-new cases is Published every year. Solve it! must be adopted
for an entire class. It can be purchased directly from the supplier, Azimut
h Corporation, 124 Penfield Ave., Croton-on-Hudson, New York 10520 (telephon
e: 914-271--6321).
Acknowledgments
The production of any book involves many valuable contributions from a n
umber of persons. We would like to thank all of our editors for encouragemen
t, insight, and strong support for many years. Our editor, David Alexander,
did an outstanding job in guiding the development of this edition, and we fe
el very fortunate to work with him. We remain grateful to PJ Boardman, Jim B
oyd, and Sandy Steiner for their support of this project. We thank Nancy Eva
ns, Director of Strategic Marketing, for her superb marketing work and her c
ontinuing contributions to our texts. Thanks go as well to CIS Senior Market
ing Manager Kris bang and to CIS Sales Directors Matt Denham, Sharon Koch, l
ain Macdonald, and Dana Simmons for their suggestions for improving this edi
tion. We commend Lori Cerreto for directing the preparation of ancillary mat
erials and Anne Graydon and Michael Jennings for overseeing production of th
is text under an extraordinarily ambitious schedule. We thank Shirley Webste
r for her energetic photo research work and Katherine Evancie for her carefu
l copy editing.
We remain deeply indebted to Marshall R. Kaplan for his invaluable assis
tance in the preparation of the text and to James Doughty for his help with
this edition. Special thanks to DL Glenn Bottoms of Gardner-Webb University,
Dr. Edward Fisher of Central Michigan University, and Dr- Lisa Miller of th
e University of Central Oklahoma for their work on supporting materials.
The Stern School of Business at New York University and the information
Systems Department Provided a very special learning environment, one in whic
h we and others could rethink the MIS field. Special thanks to Professors Ed
ward Stohr, Jon Turner, Vasant Dhar, and Roy Radner for providing critical f
eedback and support where deserved. Professor William H. Starbuck of foe Man
agement Department at NYU provided valuable comments and insights in our joi
nt graduate seminar on organization theory.
The Concours Group has provided stimulation, insight, and new research o
n enterprise systems and industrial networks. We remain especially grateful
to Da Edward Roche for his contributions and to Jim Ware, Walt Dulaney, Vaug
hn Merlyn and Peter Boggis of the Concours Group for ideas and feedback.
Professor Gordon Everest of the University of Minnesota, Professors Al C
roker and Michael Palley of Baruch College and NYU, Professor Sassan Rahmati
an of Califomia State University, Fresno, Professor Lisa Friedrichsen of the
Keller Graduate School of Management, and Professor Kenneth Marl provided a
dditional suggestions for improvement. We continue to remember the late Prof
essor James Clifford of the Stem School as a wonderful friend and colleague
who also made valuable recommendations for improving our discussion of files
and databases.
One of our goals was to write a book that was authoritative, synthesized
diverse views in the MIS literature, and helped define a common academic fi
eld. A large number of leading scholars in the field were contacted and assi
sted us in this effort. Reviewers and consultants for Management Information
Systems: Organization and Technology in the Networked Enterprise are listed
in the back endpapers of the book. We thank them for their contributions. C
onsultants for this new edition include: John Anderson, Northeastern State U
niversity; Laurie Eakins, East Carolina University; David Fickbohm, Golden G
ate University; Graham Peace, Duquesne University; and Sasan Rahmatian, Cali
fornia State University-Fresno. It is our hope that this group endeavor cont
ributes to a shared vision and understanding of the MIS field.
--K.C.L
--J.P.L
Brief Contents
PART ONE ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1
Chapter 1 The Information Systems Revolution: Transforming Business and Mana
gement 2
Chapter 2 The Strategic Role of information Systems 34
Chapter 3 Information Systems, Organizations, and Business Processes 68
Chapter 4 Information, Management, and Decision Making 96
Chapter 5 Ethical and Social Impact of information Systems 124
PART TWO TECHNICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 16O
Chapter 6 Computers and information Processing 160
Chapter 7 Information Systems Software 192
Chapter & Managing Data Resources 226
Chapter 9 Telecommunications and Networks 258
Chapter 10 The Internet: Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business 290
PART THREE BULLDING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES 330
Chapter 11 Redesigning the Organization with information Systems 330
Chapter 12 Approaches to Systems-Building 368
Chapter 13 System Success and Failure: Implementation 398
PART FOUR MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 432
Chapter 14 Managing Knowledge 432
Chapter 15 Enhancing Management Decision Making 466
PART FIVE MANAGING CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION SYSTEMS 496
Chapter 16 Information Systems Security and Control 496
Chapter 17 Managing international information Systems 526
Chapter 18 Managing Firm infrastructure and Enterprise Systems 552
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES ICS 1
APPENDIX A: BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN PROJECT A1
REFERENCES R1
NAME INDEX NI1
ORGANIZATIONS IND
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