Algorithm 版 (精华区)
发信人: Lerry (坐壮:望苗:思汉@贵族 与猫族斗争到底), 信区: Algorithm
标 题: Douglas Engelbart(1997)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2002年04月26日08:04:42 星期五), 站内信件
U.S. News & World Report, May 20, 1996 v120 n20 p47(2)
The man who sees the future: Doug Engelbart built the mouse; he may alter co
mputing again. Ransdell, Eric.
Abstract: The work that Doug Engelbart did in the 1960s, when he was one of
the few people who could foresee the digital future, led to many development
s in the computer field. Thirty years later, Engelbart is hoping the collect
ive skills of organizations can help humans cope with today's complex world.
Full Text: COPYRIGHT 1996 U.S. News and World Report Inc.
Doug Engelbart is seated on a sofa in a quiet corner of his home in Atherton
, Calif. On the shelf above him is a book titled The Magic of Thinking Big--
which is what he is best known for. Today, he is thinking of a complex syst
em, a freeway at rush hour. But his thoughts are not confined to the present
as he explains the difficulty of expressing concepts for which past experie
nces offer no frame of reference. "You realize when you merge onto a freeway
that you're betting your life on what you see in that little rearview mirro
r, and yet you don't think anything of it," Engelbart says in his soft, gran
dfatherly voice. "Now, think back to 1905 and what people used mirrors for.
Nobody at that time would have ever thought of betting their life on what th
ey could grok at 60 miles an hour with a few glances in a vanity mirror."
Grok is a favorite term of the 71-year-old Engelbart. It means to comprehend
immediately, and it first appeared in the 1960s at a time when, it could be
said, Engelbart was grokking the digital future. The mouse, on-screen windo
ws, hypertext and many of the other innovations that define computing today
are the direct result of Engelbart's work back then. "Yet," says Paul Saffo,
a director of the Institute for the Future, "all the brilliant things he ha
s produced are mere baubles compared to the ideas he's trying to get across.
"
Those ideas are based on the premise that the complexity and urgency of the
world's problems are increasing at a rate that is greater than mankind's abi
lity to cope. Engelbart's solution is bound up in his idea of augmenting the
collective IQ of organizations through a process known as bootstrapping. Th
ough these ideas have driven him for the better part of 45 years, to the out
side world they remain largely ungrokked.
Visionary. That's why Engelbart is relatively unknown beyond the high-tech c
ommunity. Yet ask almost any executive in Silicon Valley and he or she will
describe him as a visionary so far ahead of his time that he has often had d
ifficulty explaining his concepts to those rooted firmly in the present. "I'
ve always thought of [Engelbart] as the father of personal computing," says
Alan Kay, a senior fellow at Apple Computer who is often referred to by that
title.
In his 1985 book, Tools for Thought, Howard Rheingold called his chapter on
Engelbart "The Loneliness of a Long-Distance Thinker." That sums up what has
been Engelbart's blessing and curse. It all began in 1951. Fresh out of the
Navy, with a fiancee and a new engineering job at the precursor of today's
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Engelbart saw his future as a
featureless hallway going on indefinitely. "I just thought," he recalls, "I
've got a steady job, I'm going to get married and live happily ever after,
and oh, my God, are all my life's goals already met?"
The thought caused Engelbart to calculate how many minutes he would invest i
n his working life until age 60 (roughly 5.5 million) and what return he wan
ted on that investment. He considered changing careers. Then he hit upon the
idea that would change his life: computers. "It was February 1951 when I ha
d the picture," says Engelbart. "To think then of computers being devoted to
supporting individuals sitting there interacting with them was crazy."
Things might have been different had Engelbart's vision been confined to one
or two notions about office automation. But his was a worldview, an overarc
hing idea of how computers and humans could interact and of how information
could be displayed, networked, organized, cross-referenced and logged to aug
ment the collective IQ of organizations. Engelbart was finally able to pursu
e his dream in 1963, when he founded the Augmentation Research Center at Sta
nford Research Institute. That's when the innovations started to flow; from
the mouse, to help menus, to becoming the second node on the Internet, much
of what defines computing today was developed at ARC by Engelbart and his co
lleagues.
In the cold. When the funding for ARC gave out in 1977, Engelbart took his c
rusade to the private sector, but he found himself in an intellectual wilder
ness where few understood his ideas and even fewer were willing to back them
. "The rate at which a person can mature is directly proportional to the emb
arrassment he can tolerate," Engelbart said in a 1994 interview. "I've toler
ated lots."
Yet today, two Silicon Valley companies, Sun Microsystems and Netscape Commu
nications, are working closely with Engelbart to create an alliance of busin
ess, government and civic organizations that will act as a prototype for man
y of his ideas.
At its heart is the concept of bootstrapping, an engineering term describing
a process in which the results of an action are fed back to achieve greater
results more quickly with less effort.
In practice, the alliance will involve organizations coming together in a di
alogue that will be tracked and cross-referenced to build up a knowledge bas
e. The dialogue will range from organizations communicating their needs to c
omputer companies to more abstract ideas about the coevolution of computers
and humanity.
There is also a technological component. Although the alliance will be open
to all, the enabling technologies will be Netscape's World Wide Web browser
and Sun's Java language, which lets programs run over the Net. The idea is f
or users to migrate onto the Web so all data on an individual's desktop comp
uter will be accessible at any time, from anywhere, using any PC.
Engelbart remains hopeful. "In the late '50s and so many years afterward, I'
d wake up in a sweat and say, 'God, why am I doing this?' " he says. "But on
the other hand, you think that as soon as the world learns how to get this
value, it will make a big difference." And so Doug Engelbart, who grokked th
e digital future more than four decades ago, continues to wait for that futu
re to grok him.
Article A18298249
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当一个女孩儿觉得她不太容易了解那个男人的时候,她会爱他。
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