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You can save the halftone screen settings and reuse
them with other images by using the Save and
Load buttons in the Halftone Screen dialog box.
Additional bitmap conversion options
Like the Halftone Screen option, the other four
bitmap conversion options determine the quality
of the Bitmap-mode image, ranging from a high-contrast
image to a textured or halftone-screen
effect for output on non-PostScript printers.
These methods are described in the following sec-tions.
50% Threshold Converts pixels with gray values
above the middle gray level (128) to white, and
converts pixels below the middle gray level to
black. The result is a very high-contrast, black-and-
white representation of the image.
Pattern Dither Converts an image by organizing
the gray levels into geometric configurations of
black and white dots.
Diffusion Dither Uses an error-diffusion process to
convert the image. The program starts at the pixel
in the upper left corner of the image and evaluates
its gray-level value. If the value is above middle
gray (128), the pixel is changed to white. If the
value is below 128, the pixel is changed to black.
There is some error in the conversion because the
original pixel is usually not pure between black
and white, and the conversion changes it to either
a black or a white value. The amount of error is
transferred to surrounding pixels before they are
converted. In this way, the error is diffused
throughout the image. The result is a grainy, film-like
texture. This option is useful for viewing
images on a black-and-white screen.
Original grayscale image 50% Threshold conversion
method
Pattern Dither conversion Diffusion Dither
method conversion method
Custom Pattern Simulates the effect of printing a
grayscale image through a custom halftone screen.
This method lets you apply a screen texture, such
as a wood grain, to an image. To use this option,
you must first define a pattern (see “Filling a selec-tion
with a pattern” on page 216).
CHAPTER 4 76
Choosing a Color Display Mode
You can create a pattern that represents the texture
you want and then screen the grayscale image to
apply the texture to the image. If you want the pat-tern
to cover the entire image, create a pattern that
is as large as the image; otherwise, the pattern will
be tiled. For example, if you apply a 1-inch-by-1-
inch pattern to an image that is 4 inches by 4
inches, the pattern appears as 16 squares. Adobe
Photoshop comes with several self-tiling patterns
that can be used as halftone screen patterns (see
“Using Postscript patterns to fill a selection” on
page 217).
Original grayscale image Custom Pattern conversion
method
Because the Custom Pattern option simulates dark
and light colors by making the halftone pattern
thicker and thinner, respectively, you might have
to take some special steps to prepare the pattern
for the conversion. Choose a pattern that lends
itself to these thickness variations; such a pattern
typically has a variety of gray shades. One way to
prepare a black-and-white pattern for conversion
is to convert the image to grayscale and then apply
the Blur More filter to the pattern several times.
This technique blurs the lines within the pattern,
creating thick lines that taper from dark gray
to white.
Converting a Bitmap-mode
image to grayscale
A Bitmap-mode image converted to grayscale con-sists
of one gray level (black). Since few editing
options are available in Bitmap mode, you might
convert a Bitmap-mode image to a grayscale image
for editing and then convert it back to a Bitmap-mode
image to export it to other applications.
However, keep in mind that the appearance of a
Bitmap-mode image edited in grayscale mode may
change when you convert it back to Bitmap mode.
To convert a Bitmap-mode image to grayscale:
1 Choose Image > Mode > Grayscale.
2 Enter a value for the size ratio.
The size ratio is the factor by which you want to
scale down the size of the image. For example,
to reduce the size of the grayscale image by 50%,
enter 2 for the size ratio. If you enter a number
greater than 1, the program averages multiple pix-els
in the Bitmap-mode image to produce a single
pixel in the grayscale image. This lets you generate
multiple shades of gray from an image scanned on
a 1-bit scanner.
Converting to indexed color
At times, you might want to convert an RGB image
to an indexed-color image to edit an image’s color
table or to export an image to an application that
supports only 8-bit color. This is useful, for exam-ple,
for multimedia animation applications and
World Wide Web pages. When you convert an
RGB image to indexed color, all but 256 colors are
deleted from the image.
77
To convert an RGB image to an indexed-color image:
1 Choose Image > Mode > Indexed Color.
2 Select the desired palette, color depth, and
dither methods. These options are described in
the following sections.
3 Click OK.
Specifying a palette
Eight palette types are available for converting an
image to indexed color. Choose Image > Mode >
Color Table to view the results of each palette
option.
Exact Uses exactly the same colors for the palette
as those that appear in the RGB image. Since all the
colors in the image are present in the image’s pal-ette,
there is no dithering. This option is available
only if 256 or fewer colors are used in the RGB
image.
System (Macintosh) Uses the Macintosh system’s
default 8-bit palette, which is based on a uniform
sampling of RGB colors.
System (Windows) Uses the Windows system’s
default 8-bit palette, which is based on a uniform
sampling of RGB colors.
Web Uses the palette most often used by Web
browsers to display 8-bit images.
Uniform Creates a palette based on a uniform sam-pling
of colors from the color spectrum. For exam-ple,
if you choose an 8-bit color depth, Adobe Pho-toshop
takes 6 evenly spaced color levels each of
red, green, and blue, and calculates the combina-tions
of these colors to produce a uniform palette
of 216 colors (6 x 6 x 6 = 216). To create a uniform
palette composed of fewer colors, choose a lower
color depth. The total number of colors displayed
in the image corresponds to the perfect cube (8,
27, 64, 125, or 216) nearest to the chosen color
depth.
Adaptive Creates a palette by sampling colors from
the more commonly used areas of the color spec-trum
that appears in the image. For example, if
you have an RGB image that has only the colors
green and blue, the resulting palette is made up
primarily of green and blue colors. Because the
colors in most images are concentrated in particu-lar
areas of the spectrum, this table can be useful.
To control more precisely how the Adaptive palette
is built, select a part of the image that contains the
colors you want to use in the palette before you
make the conversion. When you have an active
selection in the image, Adobe Photoshop weights
the conversion toward the colors in the selection.
System palette
Adaptive palette Adaptive color image
Exact palette
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