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5 For Document, choose a destination for the
layer. To create a new document for the layer,
choose New and type a name for the new docu-ment.
6 Click OK.
A new image created with a duplicate layer doesn’t
have a background.
Converting and adding
backgrounds
At times you may want to convert a background to
a layer—for example, to change its position in the
Layers palette or to apply a mode or opacity to it.
You can also add a background to an image with-out
a background. An image can contain only one
background.
To convert a background into a layer:
1 Double-click Background in the Layers palette.
2 Enter a name, opacity, and mode for the layer.
See the section, “Specifying layer options”
onpage 257 for information on layer options.
3 Click OK.
To add a background to an image:
1 Do one of the following: Option-click (Macintosh) or Alt-click
(Windows) the New Layer button (O) at the
bottom of the Layers palette. Choose New Layer from the Layers palette
menu. Choose Layer > New > New Layer.
2 For Mode, choose Background. (This option is
available only when you’re working in a document
that has no background.)
3 Click OK.
Editing layers
You can use the painting and editing tools to draw
on a layer, and you can copy and paste selections to
a layer.
255
All editing occurs on the active layer (and in the
active channel). To keep track of your editing, you
should keep the Layers and Channels palettes open
and refer to them as you edit.
Adding pixels to a layer
When you add a layer to an image, the new layer
has no pixels. Pasting, painting, and editing in a
layer fills the selected areas with pixels. Once an
area on a layer contains pixels, you can paint or
edit the pixels, apply filters, or use special effects to
modify the layer.
Using blending modes and opacity on a
layer
When you use the painting and editing tools to
draw on a layer, keep in mind that the opacity and
mode settings for these tools interact with the
opacity and mode settings for the active layer, and
that the actions affect the active channel.
For example, suppose you have a layer that uses the
Dissolve mode and an opacity of 50%. You paint
on this layer using the paintbrush with a Normal
mode and an opacity of 100%. As it is displayed on
the layer, the paint appears in Dissolve mode with
a 50% opacity because this is the maximum the
layer can display.
On the other hand, if you were working on a layer
created using Normal mode and 100% opacity, but
were using the eraser tool with the paintbrush
option set to 50% opacity, only 50% of the paint
would disappear as you painted. For more infor-mation,
see “Selecting a blending mode” on
page 208 and the examples in “Layer blending
modes” on page 265.
Preserving a layer’s transparency
You can confine editing only to areas of a layer that
already contain pixels. For example, if you have
added type to a transparent layer, you may want to
edit the type (e.g., by adding special effects or
changing its color) without adding pixels to the
transparent areas of the layer.
To confine editing to the opaque portions of a layer:
1 Select the layer in the Layers palette.
2 Select Preserve Transparency in the Layers
palette.
The pencil, paintbrush, airbrush, rubber stamp,
paint bucket, and gradient tools affect only the
opaque areas of a layer that contain pixels.
Painting on a layer with Painting on a layer with
Preserve Transparency off Preserve Transparency on
CHAPTER 11 256
Using Layers
Sampling merged data
By default, when you’re working with the magic
wand tool, the smudge tool, the blur/sharpen tool,
or the aligned and nonaligned Clone options for
the rubber stamp tool, you are painting with (or
sampling from) only the pixels on the active layer.
For example, you can smudge or sample in a single
layer even when other layers are visible, and you
can sample from and paint in different layers.
You can also choose to paint using sampled data
from all the visible layers. For example, you can
use the rubber stamp tool to clone an image that
contains pixels from all the visible layers.
To sample from all visible layers:
1 Double-click the magic wand tool, the smudge
tool, the blur/sharpen tool, or the rubber stamp
tool in the toolbox to display its Options palette.
2 If you selected the rubber stamp tool, select
Clone (aligned) or Clone (nonaligned) for
Option.
3 Select Sample Merged in the tool’s Options
palette.
Painting with merged data
Note: Unless you are using the Clone options for the
rubber stamp tool, painting or editing in a new layer
produces the best results when Sample Merged is
selected.
Deleting layers
Because layers increase a file’s size, it’s important
to delete layers that you no longer need. You can
also delete floating selections.
To delete a layer or floating selection:
1 Select the layer or floating selection in the Layers
palette.
2 Do one of the following: Click the Trash button at
the bottom of the
Layers palette and click Yes. Choose Layer > Delete
Layer. Choose Delete Layer from the Layers palette
menu. If a floating selection is selected, the
command appears as Delete Selection.
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