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Choose Layer > New > Adjustment Layer.
3 In the New Adjustment Layer dialog box, type a
name for the layer.
4 For Type, choose the adjustment you want to
make.
5 Choose layer options as desired, and then click
OK. (See “Specifying layer options” on page 257.)
6 Make the desired adjustments and click OK. See
Chapter 6 for more information on the different
tonal and color correction techniques.
To edit an adjustment layer:
1 Do one of the following: Double-click the adjustment layer’s name in the
Layers palette. Select the adjustment layer’s name, and then
choose Layer > Adjustment Options.
2 Make the desired adjustments and click OK.
Note: If no adjustment options are available (for
example, if you are using the Invert type), double-clicking
the layer’s name opens the Layer Options
dialog box.
Before adjustment After adjustment
To edit an adjustment layer mask:
1 Select the adjustment layer in the Layers palette.
2 Select any of the painting or editing tools.
3 Do one of the following: To remove the adjustment effect, paint the
adjustment layer with black. To display the full effect of the adjustment over
the image layers beneath, paint the adjustment
layer with white. To remove the adjustment effect partially, paint
the adjustment layer with gray.
Painting with grey... partially removes the
adjustment.
Note: If you paint the adjustment layer mask with
black or grey, you can modify the boundaries and
effects of the mask (by applying a filter, for example).
These changes only affect adjustment layer masks
that contain black or grey values.
Merging adjustment layers
You can merge an adjustment layer with the image
layer below it, the layers in its clipping or linking
group, or all other visible layers in the image. You
cannot, however, merge an adjustment layer exclu-sively
with another adjustment layer. When you
merge an adjustment layer with the image layer
below it, the adjustments become permanent and
CHAPTER 11 270
Using Layers
apply only within the merged layer. For informa-tion
on merging layers, see “Merging layers” on
page 270.
Merging adjustment layer
Result
Managing layered documents
Adding layers to an image increases the file size.
(Transparent areas in a layer, however, do not add
to the file size.) To conserve disk space, you can
merge two or more layers together, or flatten all the
layers in an image into one layer.
Keeping track of file sizes
Adobe Photoshop lets you monitor file size as you
add, delete, and edit layers.
To track file size:
Check the values in the Document Sizes box at the
lower left corner of the image window (Macin-tosh)
or the screen (Windows).
The first (left) value indicates the size the file will
have when it is flattened. The second (right) value
shows the estimated file size of the unflattened file,
including any layers and channels.
To track the use of the Adobe Photoshop
scratch disk (temporary disk space used for
storing data when RAM is insufficient), posi-tion
the pointer over the triangle at the bot-tom
of the image window, hold down the
mouse button, and choose Scratch Sizes. See
“Using RAM, scratch disks, and system vir-tual
memory” onpage 363 for more informa-tion.
Merging layers
Merging layers combines several layers into one
and keeps the file size manageable, especially when
you’re working in large files. When you’ve finalized
the characteristics and positioning of the layer
contents, you can merge a layer with one or more
Unflattened
file size
Flattened file size
271
other layers to create partial versions of your com-posite
image. You can also merge linked layers into
one layer and layers in a clipping group into one
layer.
If you merge layers into an image with a transpar-ent
background, the intersection of all transparent
areas remains transparent. For information on
merging adjustment layers, see page 269.
To merge a layer with the layer below it:
1 Make sure that the two layers you want to merge
are visible. Select the top layer in the Layers palette.
2 Do one of the following: Choose Layer > Merge Down. Choose Merge Down from the Layers palette
menu.
To merge all visible linked layers:
1 Make visible all the linked layers you want to
merge.
2 Select one of the visible linked layers.
3 Choose Layer > Merge Linked.
To merge a clipping group:
1 Make visible all the layers in the group that you
want to merge (any hidden layers in the group are
discarded when you merge).
2 Select the base layer in the group.
3 Choose Layer > Merge Group.
To merge all the visible layers in an image:
1 Hide any layers you do not want to merge.
2 Do one of the following: Choose Layer > Merge Visible. Choose Merge Visible from the Layers palette
menu.
Flattening all layers
A flattened image contains only a background
with no layers, and thus has a greatly reduced file
size. You can save a flattened version of the file
when you have finished creating the composite
image. In most cases, you won’t want to flatten a
file until you are absolutely sure that you no longer
want to change individual layers.
Note: Converting an image between some modes
flattens the file. Be sure to save a copy of your file that
includes all layers if you want to edit the image after
the conversion.
To flatten an image:
1 Make sure that all the layers you want to keep
are visible.
In a flattened image, all the visible layers are
merged into the background. Hidden layers are
discarded, and the final image contains only a
background. If the background is transparent, the
transparent areas are filled with white.
2 Do one of the following: Choose Flatten Image from the Layers palette
menu.
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