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Choose Layer > Flatten Image.
Flattening an image
Result
Saving layered documents
If you plan to send files out for proofs, you may
want to save two versions of the file—one version
with all the layers and layer masks intact so that
you can easily incorporate editing changes, and
another version with flattened layers to send to the
printer.
The Save a Copy command in the File menu lets
you save a flattened version of your file while keep-ing
the original source file intact. The Save a Copy
command saves in any of the file formats sup-ported
by Adobe Photoshop. Unlike Save As, the
Save a Copy command allows you to keep working
in the original file. The copy is saved to your disk
but does not replace the active window. For more
information on saving documents and for a com-plete
description of the file formats, see “Saving
files” on page 305.
Using channel calculations
The Calculations and Apply Image commands let
you combine channels using the Layers palette
blending modes, plus the Add and Subtract
modes. Although you can also perform these
operations (except Add and Subtract) by copying
channels into layers in the Layers palette, it’s often
quicker and easier to use the calculations com-mands
to combine channel information.
The calculation commands perform mathematical
operations on the corresponding pixels of two
channels (the pixels with identical locations on the
image). When working with composite images,
Adobe Photoshop calculates the pixel values in
each set of color channels, and then combines
them in a single channel. The Calculations com-mand
works on single channels only; the Apply
Image command works on single and composite
channels.
Two concepts are fundamental to understanding
how the calculation commands work: Each pixel in a channel has a value from 0 (off or
black) to 255 (on or white). The Calculations and
Apply Image commands manipulate these values
to produce the result color. These commands overlay the pixels in two or
more channels. Thus, the documents used for
calculations must have the same pixel dimensions.
273
Applying channel calculations to
composite image channels
The Apply Image command lets you combine
composite images. You can place the results in a
new image or in the selected image channel and
layer (the target) of any open image.
To use the Apply Image command:
1 Open the image or images that you want to
blend.
2 If you want to blend into a channel of an
existing image, make sure that the destination
(target) image, channel, and layer are selected.
The images must match in pixel dimensions for
the image names to appear in the Source menus in
the Apply Image dialog box.
Note: If the image modes of two images differ, you
can copy a single channel to another channel, but
you cannot copy a composite channel to another
composite channel in another image.
3 Do one of the following: To place the results in the selected image, choose
Image > Apply Image. To place the results in a new image, channel, or
layer, press Option (Macintosh) or Alt (Windows)
as you choose Image > Apply Image; then select
the destination for Result.
4 Choose the source image, layer, and channel you
want to combine with the target. To use all the
layers in the source document, select Merged for
Layer.
5 Select Preview to preview the results in the
document window.
6 Select Invert to use the reverse of the channel
contents in the calculation.
7 For Blending, choose the calculation you want
to perform.
These options perform the same operations as the
modes in the Options palette and the modes in the
Layers palette. A brief description of these options
appears at the end of this chapter.
8 Enter an opacity to indicate the strength
of the effect.
9 Select Preserve Transparency to apply the
results only to opaque areas in the result layer.
10 Select Mask to indicate a channel to use as a
grayscale mask. The Mask option has the same
effect between the channels being combined as a
layer mask has between two adjacent channels. See
“Using layer masks” on page 262 for more
information.
11 Click OK to perform the calculation.
CHAPTER 11 274
Using Layers
Calculating using multiple source
documents
The Calculations command lets you perform
channel calculations using two source documents
and then apply the results to a new channel in
either document or create a new result document.
To perform the channel calculations:
1 Open the source documents that will be used in
the channel calculations.
The images must have the same pixel dimensions
for their names to appear in the Source or Result
menus in the Calculations dialog box.
2 Choose Image > Calculations.
3 To preview the calculation results in the docu-ment
window, select Preview.
4 Choose the first source image, layer, and
channel.
To use all the layers in the source document,
choose the Merged option for Layer.
5 Select Invert to use the reverse of the channel
contents in the calculation. Choose Luminosity to
get the same effect as converting the document to
a grayscale image.
6 Choose the second source image, layer, and
channel.
7 For Blending, choose the calculation you want
to perform. These options perform the same
operations as the modes in the Options palette and
Layers palette. See the next section for a brief
description of the calculations options follow
these steps.
8 Enter an opacity for the effect’s strength.
9 Select Mask to use a channel as a grayscale mask.
The Mask option has the same effect between the
channels being combined as a layer mask has
between two adjacent channels. See “Using layer
masks” on page 262 for more information.
10 For Result, choose a result image. You can
choose either an open image or a new image.
11 Choose a channel for the results of the calcula-tions.
You can place the results in a specific
channel or in a selection.
Important: If you assign the results of a channel
calculation to an existing channel, the channel
calculation results will overwrite the pixels in the
existing channel.
12 Click OK to perform the calculation.
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