Graphics 版 (精华区)
发信人: killest (矛盾), 信区: Graphics
标 题: PHOTOSHOP(96)-Using Filters
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon May 4 17:37:25 1998), 转信
For example, to multiply the brightness value of
the pixel to the immediate right of the current
pixel by 2, enter 2 in the text box to the immediate
right of the center text box.
4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all pixels to include in
the operation. You don抰 have to enter values in all
the text boxes.
5 For scale, enter the value by which to divide the
sum of the brightness values of the pixels included
in the calculation.
6 For Offset, enter the value to be added to the
result of the scale calculation.
7 Click OK. The custom filter is applied to each
pixel in the image, one at a time.
Use the Save and Load buttons to save and reuse
custom filters.
Using the Dust & Scratches filter
The Noise > Dust & Scratches filter reduces noise
by changing dissimilar pixels. You specify how dif-ferent
pixel values should be before they are elimi-nated,
and a radius for how far the filter should
search for them. Finding the desired trade-off
between sharpness and hiding defects may require
trying different combinations of radius and
threshold settings. If you can抰 make the image
sharp enough, try selecting specific areas on which
to use the filter.
To use the Dust & Scratches filter:
1 Choose Filter > Noise > Dust & Scratches.
2 If necessary, adjust the preview zoom ratio until
the area containing the noise is visible.
3 Drag the Threshold slider to the left to 0 levels to
turn off the value so that you can examine all pixels
in the selection or the image.
The Threshold option determines the degree of
difference among pixels that will be affected by the
filter.
Note: The Threshold slider gives greater control for
values between 0 and 128梩he most common range
for images梩han for values between 128 and 255.
4 Drag the Radius slider left or right, or enter a
value in the text box from 1 to 16 pixels to set how
far to search for differences among pixels, until the
defects disappear from the image.
Adjusting the radius makes the image blurry; stop
when the value is the smallest that eliminates the
defects.
5 Increase the threshold gradually by entering an
exact number or by dragging the Threshold slider
until it is as high as possible without displaying the
defects.
6 Click OK.
Using the Extrude filter
The Stylize > Extrude filter gives a three-dimen-sional
texture to a selection or layer. You choose a
type of three-dimensional object on which the fil-ter
is based.
To use the Extrude filter:
1 Choose Filter > Stylize > Extrude.
2 Choose from the following types of three-dimensional
objects:
289 Blocks creates objects with a square front face
and four side faces. To fill the front face of each
block with the average color of the block, select the
Solid Front Faces option. To fill the front face with
the image, keep the Solid Front Faces option dese-lected. Pyramids creates objects with four triangular
sides that meet at a point.
3 Enter a value in the Size box to determine the
length of any side of the object抯 base, from 2 to
255.
4 Enter a value in the Depth box to indicate how
far the tallest object appears to protrude from the
screen, from 0 to 255.
5 Choose a depth option: Random to give each
block or pyramid an arbitrary depth, or Level-based
to make each object抯 depth correspond to
the overall brightness of the object; brighter
objects appear to protrude more than dark objects.
6 Select Mask Incomplete Blocks to hide any
object that extends beyond the selection.
7 Click OK.
Using the Displace filter
The Distort > Displace filter uses a second image
(called a displacement map) to determine how to
distort the selection. For example, using a parab-ola-
shaped displacement map, you can create an
image that appears as though it were printed on a
cloth held at its corners. You can use any file in the
Adobe Photoshop format, except one in Bitmap
mode, for a displacement map. The Adobe Photo-shop
software also includes several maps useful for
experimenting (search for the Displacement Maps
folder on the Macintosh or the Dispmaps folder in
Windows).
The Displace filter shifts a selection using a color
value from the displacement map: 0 is the maxi-mum
negative shift, 255 is the maximum positive
shift, and a gray value of 128 produces no displace-ment.
(You can use the Curves dialog box to mod-ify
a gradient to get a particular effect.) If a map
has one channel, the image shifts along a diagonal
defined by the horizontal and vertical scale ratios.
If the map has more than one channel, the first
channel controls the horizontal displacement, and
the second channel controls the vertical displace-ment.
To use the Displace filter:
1 Choose Filter > Distort > Displace.
2 Enter the scale for the magnitude of the
displacement.
When the horizontal and vertical scale are set to
100%, the greatest displacement is 128 pixels
(because middle gray produces no displacement).
3 If the displacement map is not the same size
as the selection, choose how the map will fit the
image: Stretch to Fit to resize the map, or Tile to fill
the selection by repeating the map in a pattern.
4 Choose from the following options to deter-mine
how to treat areas of the image undefined by
the distortion: Wrap Around copies the image to fill the unde-fined
space so that the area is filled with content
from the opposite side of the image.
CHAPTER 12 290
Using Filters Repeat Edge Pixels extends the colors of the
pixels along the edge of the image in the direction
specified. Banding can result if the edge pixels are
different colors.
5 Click OK.
6 Select and open the displacement map. The
distortion is applied to the image.
To make a parabola-shaped displacement map and
create a sagging image effect:
1 Start with a new grayscale image. (For best
performance, use small images.)
2 Set the foreground color to black and the back-ground
color to white.
3 Double-click the gradient tool and choose
Foreground to Background for Gradient in the
Gradient Tool Options palette. Then drag the
gradient tool from left to right in the image
window to make a linear gradient fill.
4 Using the Curves dialog box, draw a parabola
that dips down from the upper left corner of the
dialog box and back to the upper right corner.
Then click OK.
5 Save the image to disk in the Photoshop format;
this is the shape of the displacement map.
6 To apply the displacement map, open the image
you want to displace, and choose Filter > Distort >
Displace.
7 Set the horizontal scale to 0% and the vertical
scale to 50%. Select the Stretch to Fit option.
8 Select the displacement map that you saved in
step 4.
9 Click Open.
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