Linux °æ (¾«»ªÇø)
·¢ÐÅÈË: clx (³þÁôÏã), ÐÅÇø: Unix
±ê Ìâ: Linux IP Masquerade mini HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ(04)
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ×Ï ¶¡ Ïã (Sun Jun 28 10:21:25 1998), תÐÅ
Linux IP Masquerade mini HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : IP Masquerade µÄÉ趨
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Next: ÆäËü IP Masquerade µÄÎÊÌâ¼°ÈíÌåÖ§Ô®
3. IP Masquerade µÄÉ趨
Èç¹ûÄãµÄ˽ÓÃÍø·ÀïÓÐÈκÎÖØÒªµÄ×ÊѶ£¬ÔÚʹÓà IP
Masquerade ֮ǰÇëÈý˼£®Õâ¿ÉÄܳÉΪÄãͨÍùÍø¼ÊÍø·µÄÕ¢
µÀ£¬·´Ö®ÒàÈ»£¬Ò²¿ÉÄܳÉΪÁíÒ»±ßµÄÊÀ½ç½øÈëÄã˽ÓÃÍø·
µÄ;¾¶£®
3.1. ±àÒëºËÐļÓÈë IP Masquerade µÄÖ§Ô®
** Çë²Î¿¼ IP Masquerade Resource ÒÔ»ñµÃ×îÐÂ×ÊѶ£¬ÒòΪ¾
³£¸üÐÂÕâ·Ý HOWTO ÊÇÂúÀ§Äѵģ® **
Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÄãÐèÒªºËÐĵÄÔʼ³ÌʽÂë(×îºÃÊÇÎȶ¨µÄ¡¡2.0.0 °æ»òÒÔ
ÉϵĺËÐÄ)
Èç¹ûÕâÊÇÄãµÚÒ»´Î±àÒëºËÐÄ£¬²»Òªº¦Å£®ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬Õâ·Ç³£ÈÝÒ×
¶øÇÒº¸Çì¶ Linux Kernel HOWTO
ʹÓÃÖ¸Áî: tar xvzf linux-2.0.x.tar.gz -C /usr/src °ÑºËÐĵÄÔʼ
³ÌʽÂë½âÖÁ /usr/src/£¬ÆäÖÐ x ÊÇ 2.0 Ö®ááµÄÐÞ²¹²ã¼¶
(È·¶¨Óиö³ÆΪ linux µÄĿ¼»ò·ûºÅÁ´½á)
¼ÓÉÏÊʵ±µÄÐÞ²¹£®ÒòΪеÄÐÞ²¹µµ²»¶Ï³öÀ´£¬ËùÒÔϸ½Ú²»»á°ü
º¬ÔÚÕâÀ×îеÄ×ÊѶÇë²Î¿¼ IP Masquerade Resources
ÓйرàÒëºËÐĸü½øÒ»²½µÄ½éÉÜÇë²Î¿¼ Kernel HOWTO ÒÔ¼°ºËÐÄ
Ôʼ³ÌʽÂëĿ¼ÀïµÄ README µµ°¸
ÕâÀïÊÇÄãÒª±àÒë½øÈ¥µÄÑ¡Ïî:
ÏÂÁÐÑ¡ÏîÒª»Ø´ð YES:
* Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL
- Õ⽫ÈÃÄãÄÜÑ¡Ôñ°ÑʵÑéÐ﵀ IP Masquerade ³ÌʽÂë±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÀïÈ¥
* Enable loadable module support
CONFIG_MODULES
- ÈÃÄãÄܹ»ÔØÈëÄ£×é
* Networking support
CONFIG_NET
* Network firewalls
CONFIG_FIREWALL
* TCP/IP networking
CONFIG_INET
* IP: forwarding/gatewaying
CONFIG_IP_FORWARD
* IP: firewalling
CONFIG_IP_FIREWALL
* IP: masquerading (EXPERIMENTAL)
CONFIG_IP_MASQUERADE
- ÕâËäÈ»ÊÇʵÑéÐԵģ¬µ«È´ÊÇ *±ØÐë* µÄ
* IP: ipautofw masquerade support (EXPERIMENTAL)
CONFIG_IP_MASQUERADE_IPAUTOFW
- ½¨ÒéʹÓÃ
* IP: ICMP masquerading
CONFIG_IP_MASQUERADE_ICMP
- Ö§Ô® ICMP ·â°üαװ£¬¿ÉÑ¡ÓÃ
* IP: always defragment
CONFIG_IP_ALWAYS_DEFRAG
- ¸ß¶È½¨ÒéʹÓÃ
* Dummy net driver support
CONFIG_DUMMY
- ½¨ÒéʹÓÃ
×¢Òâ: ÕâЩֻÊÇ IP Masquerade ËùÐèÒªµÄ£¬Ä㻹ÐèÑ¡ÔñÆäËüÈÎ
ºÎÄãµÄÉ趨ÐèÒªµÄÑ¡Ï
±àÒëºËÐÄÖ®áᣬÄãÓ¦¸Ã±àÒë²¢°²×°Ä£×é:
make modules modules_install
È»ááÄãÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ /etc/rc.d/rc.local (»òÈκÎÄãÈÏΪºÏÊʵĵµ°¸)Àï
¼ÓÉϼ¸ÐÐÒÔ±ãÿ´ÎÆô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯ÔØÈë /lib/modules/2.0.x/ipv4/ ÀïËù
ÐèµÄÄ£×é:
.
.
.
/sbin/depmod -a
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_raudio
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_irc
(ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüÏñÊÇ ip_masq_cuseeme, ip_masq_vdolive µÈÄ£×飬Èç¹ûÄãÓмÓÉÏÊʵ±µÄÐÞ²¹)
.
.
.
×¢Òâ: ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚʹÓà ip_masq ֮ǰÊÖ¶¯µØÔØÈëËü£¬µ«ÊDz»ÒªÊ¹Ó
à kerneld À´ÔØÈ룬ÕâÊDz»ÐеÄ!
3.2. Ö¸¶¨Ë½ÓÃÍø·µÄ IP λַ
ÒòΪËùÓÐÆäËü»úÆ÷¶¼Ã»ÓÐÕýʽָ¶¨µÄλַ£¬±ØÐëÓиöÕýÈ·µÄ·½Ê½À´
·ÖÅäλַ¸øÕâЩ»úÆ÷£®
½Ú×Ô IP Masquerade FAQ:
ÓÐ·Ý RFC (#1597) ÊÇÓйØûÓÐÓëÍâ½çÁ¬ÏßµÄÍø·¸ÃʹÓÃʲ÷á IP λ
Ö·£®ÓÐÈý¸öÊý×ÖÇø¿éÊÇÌرðΪÕâ¸öÄ¿µÄ¶ø±£ÁôµÄ£®ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÎÒʹÓÃ
µÄÊÇ 192.168.1.n µ½ 192.168.255.n Ö®¼äµÄ 255 Class-C ×ÓÍø
·£®
½Ú×Ô RFC 1597:
µÚÈý½Ú: ˽ÓÃλַ¿Õ¼ä
Íø¼ÊÍø·λַָ¶¨µ±¾Ö(IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
ÒѾ±£ÁôÏÂÁÐÈý¸öÇø¿éµÄ IP λַ¿Õ¼ä¸ø˽ÓÃÍø·:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
ÎÒÃǽ«³ÆµÚÒ»¸öÇø¿éΪ "24λԪÇø¿é"£¬µÚ¶þ¸öΪ "20λԪÇø¿é"£¬
¶øµÚÈý¸öÔò³ÆΪ "16λԪÇø¿é"£®×¢Òâµ½µÚÒ»¸öÇø¿é¾ÍÖ»ÊǸö
class A Íø·ºÅÂ룬µÚ¶þ¸öÇø¿éÔòÊÇÁ¬ÐøµÄ 16 ¸ö class B Íø·
ºÅÂ룬¶øµÚÈý¸öÇø¿éÊÇÒ»×é 255 ¸öÁ¬ÐøµÄ class C Íø·ºÅÂ룮
ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãҪʹÓÃÒ»¸ö class C Íø·µÄ»°£¬ÄÇ÷áÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Ó¦¸ÃÒÔ
192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, ..., 192.168.1.x À´
ÃûÖ®£®
192.168.1.1 ͨ³£ÊÇÕ¢µÀÕą̂»úÆ÷£¬Ôڴ˼´ÄãÁ¬ÉÏÍø¼ÊÍø·µÄ
Linux Ö÷»ú£®×¢Òâ 192.168.1.0 ÒÔ¼° 192.168.1.255 ·Ö±ðΪÍø·
ÒÔ¼°¹ã²¥Î»Ö·£¬ÊDZ£ÁôµÄ£®±ÜÃâÔÚÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏʹÓÃÕâЩλַ£®
3.3. ÅäÖÃÆäËü»úÆ÷
³ýÁËΪÿ̨»úÆ÷É趨Êʵ±µÄ IP λַ֮Í⣬ÄãÒ²Ó¦¸ÃÉ趨Êʵ±µÄÕ¢
µÀ£®Ò»°ã˵À´£¬ÕâÊǷdz£Ö±½ÓÁ˵±µÄ£®ÄãÖ»Ðè¼òµ¥µØÊäÈë Linux Ö÷
»úµÄλַ(ͨ³£ÊÇ 192.168.1.1)×÷ΪբµÀλַ£®
¹Øì¶ÁìÓòÃû³Æ·þÎñ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈëÈκΠDNS ϵͳ£®×î¿ÉÄܵÄÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÄã
Linux ʹÓõÄÄÇÒ»¸ö£®ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñÐԵؼÓÉÏÈκÎÍøÓò×Öβ(domain
suffix) £®
ÔÚÄãÖØÐÂÅäÖÃÕâЩ IP λַ֮áᣬ¼ÇµÃÖØÐÂÆô¶¯Êʵ±µÄ·þÎñ»òÊÇÖØ
пª»ú£®
ÏÂÃæµÄÅäÖáõÀý¼ÙÉèÄãʹÓÃÒ»¸ö Class C Íø·²¢ÇÒÒÔ 192.168.1.1
×÷Ϊ Linux Ö÷»úµÄλַ£®Çë×¢Òâ 192.168.1.0 ¼° 192.168.1.255
ÊDZ£ÁôµÄ£®
3.3.1. ÅäÖÃ Windows 95
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓа²×°Íø·¿¨ÒÔ¼°½çÃæÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬ÏÖÔÚ×ö£®
2.µ½ '¿ØÖÆ̨/Íø·' ÀïÈ¥£®
3.Èç¹ûÄãµÄÍø·ÅäÖÃÀïûÓÐ 'TCP/IP ж¨' Ôò¼Ó½øÈ¥£®
4.ÔÚ'TCP/IP ÄÚÈÝ'ÖУ¬Ñ¡Ôñ'IP λַ'²¢ÇÒ°Ñ IP λַÉ趨Ϊ
192.168.1.x,(1<x<255) £¬²¢ÇÒ°Ñ×ÓÍø·ÕÚÕÖÉèΪ
255.255.255.0
5.ÔÚ'ͨѶբ'ÖмÓÈë 192.168.1.x ×÷ΪÄãµÄÕ¢µÀ£®
6.ÔÚ'DNS ÅäÖÃ'/'DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷'ϼÓÈëÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úʹÓõÄ
DNS (ͨ³£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /etc/resolv.conf ÀïÕÒµ½)£®Äã¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñÐÔ
µØ¼ÓÈëÊʵ±µÄÍøÓò×ÖβËÑѰ˳Ðò£®
7.²»Òª±ä¸üÔÏȵÄÆäËüÉ趨£¬³ý·ÇÄãÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÔÚ×öʲ÷ᣮ
8.ÔÚËùÓеĶԻ°ºÐÖа´ÏÂ'È·¶¨'²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³£®
9.²âÊÔÍø·Á¬Ïߣ¬Ping ÄãµÄ linux Ö÷»ú: ´Ó'¿ªÊ¼/Ö´ÐÐ'£¬ÊäÈë
ping 192.168.1.1
(ÕâÖ»ÊÇÇøÓòÍø·Á¬Ïß²âÊÔ£¬ÄãÏÖÔÚ»¹²»ÄÜ ping ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ½ç£®)
10.Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ windows Ŀ¼ÏÂÑ¡ÔñÐԵؽ¨Á¢Ò»¸ö HOSTS µµ°¸£¬Èç´Ë
Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÇøÓòÍø·ÀïµÄ»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ£®ÔÚ windows Ŀ¼ÀïÓиö³Æ
Ϊ HOSTS.SAM µÄ¡õÀý£®
3.3.2. ÅäÖÃ Windos for Workgroup 3.11
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓа²×°Íø·¿¨ÒÔ¼°½çÃæÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬ÏÖÔÚ×ö£®
2.Èç¹ûÄ㻹δ°²×° TCP/IP 32b Ì×¼þµÄ»°¾Í×°°É£®
3.ÔÚ 'Main'/'Windows Setup'/'Network Setup', °´ÏÂ
'Drivers'£®
4.½« 'Network Drivers' ÀïµÄ 'Microsoft TCP/IP-32 3.11b'
·´°×£¬°´Ï 'Setup'£®
5.É趨 IP Î»Ö·ì¶ 192.168.1.x (1 < x < 255), È»ááÉ趨
Subnet Mask Ϊ 255.255.255.0 ÒÔ¼° Default Gateway Ϊ
192.168.1.1£®
6.²»Òª¿ªÆô 'Automatic DHCP Configuration' ²¢ÔÚ 'WINS
Server' ÖзÅÈëÈκζ«Î÷£¬³ý·ÇÄãÔÚÒ» Windows NT ÍøÓòÖжø
ÇÒÄãÖªµÀÄãÔÚ×öʲ÷ᣮ
7.°´Ï 'DNS', ÌîÈëÔÚ 3.3.1 С½ÚÖв½ÖèÁùÌáµ½µÄ×ÊѶ£¬È»ááÔÚ
ÄãÍê³Éáá°´Ï 'OK' Å¥£®
8.°´Ï 'Advanced', Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÀàËÆ 3.3.1 С½Ú²½ÖèÊ®ÖÐÌáµ½
Ö÷»úµµ°¸£¬¹´Ñ¡ 'Enable DNS for Windows Name Resolution'
¼° 'Enable LMHOSTS lookup'£®
9.ÔÚËùÓжԻ°ºÐÖа´ 'OK' ²¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³£®
10.Ping Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úÒÔ²âÊÔÍø·Á¬½Ó: ÔÚ 'File/Run' Êä
Èë: ping 192.168.1.1
(ÕâÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÇøÓòÍø·µÄÁ¬½Ó²âÊÔ£¬Ä㻹²»ÄÜ ping µ½ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ
½ç)£®
3.3.3. Configuring Windows NT
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓа²×°Íø·¿¨ÒÔ¼°½çÃæÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬ÏÖÔÚ×ö£®
2.µ½ 'Main'/'Control Panel'/'Network'£®
3.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûװ TCP/IP ·þÎñµÄ»°´Ó 'Add Software' Ñ¡µ¥ÖмÓ
Èë TCP/IP ж¨¼°Ïà¹ØµÄ²¿·Ý£®
4.ÔÚ 'Network Software and Adapter Cards' Àォ 'Installed
Network Software' Ñ¡ÔñºÐÖÐµÄ 'TCP/IP ж¨' ·´°×£®
5.ÔÚ 'TCP/IP Configuration'£¬Ñ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄ½çÃæÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬Àý
È磬[1]Novell NE2000 Adapter£®È»ááÉ趨 IP Î»Ö·ì¶ 192.168.1.x
(1 < x < 255)£¬È»ááÉ趨 Subnet Mask Ϊ 255.255.255.0 ÒÔ
¼° Default Gateway Ϊ 192.168.1.1£®
6.²»Òª¿ªÆô 'Automatic DHCP Configuration' ²¢ÔÚ 'WINS
Server' ÖзÅÈëÈκζ«Î÷£¬³ý·ÇÄãÔÚÒ» Windows NT ÍøÓòÖжø
ÇÒÄãÖªµÀÄãÔÚ×öʲ÷ᣮ
7.°´Ï 'DNS', ÌîÈëÔÚ 3.3.1 С½ÚÖв½ÖèÁùÌáµ½µÄ×ÊѶ£¬È»ááÔÚ
ÄãÍê³Éáá°´Ï 'OK' Å¥£®
8.°´Ï 'Advanced', Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÀàËÆ 3.3.1 С½Ú²½ÖèÊ®ÖÐÌáµ½
Ö÷»úµµ°¸£¬¹´Ñ¡ 'Enable DNS for Windows Name Resolution'
¼° 'Enable LMHOSTS lookup'£®
9.ÔÚËùÓжԻ°ºÐÖа´ 'OK' ²¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³£®
10.Ping Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úÒÔ²âÊÔÍø·Á¬½Ó: ÔÚ 'File/Run' Êä
Èë: ping 192.168.1.1
(ÕâÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÇøÓòÍø·µÄÁ¬½Ó²âÊÔ£¬Ä㻹²»ÄÜ ping µ½ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ
½ç)£®
3.3.4. ÅäÖà UNIX ϵÁеÄϵͳ
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹δ°²×°ÄãµÄÍø·¿¨²¢ÒÔÊʵ±µÄ½çÃæÇý¶¯³ÌʽÖØбàÒë
ÄãµÄºËÐÄ£¬ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×ö°É£®
2.°²×° TCP/IP Íø·£¬ÏñÊÇ nettools Ì×¼þ£¬Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûװµÄ
»°£®
3.½« IPADDR ÉèΪ 192.168.1.x (1 < x < 255), È»áὫ
NETMASK ÉèΪ 255.255.255.0, GATEWAY ÉèΪ 192.168.1.1,
ÒÔ¼° BROADCAST ÉèΪ 192.168.1.255£®
ÀýÈ磬ÔÚ Red Hat Linux ϵͳÉÏÄã¿ÉÒÔ±à¼
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0£¬»òÖ±½Ó´Ó Control
Panel Àï×ö£®
(ÔÚ SunOS, BSDi, Slackware Linux, µÈÖж¼²»Ïàͬ...)
4.½«ÄãµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷¼°ÁìÓòËÑÑ°×Öβ¼Óµ½ /etc/resolv.conf£®
5.ÒÀ¾ÝÄãµÄÉ趨Äã¿ÉÄÜÒª¸üÐÂÄãµÄ /etc/networks µµ°¸£®
6.ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯Êʵ±µÄ·þÎñ£¬»ò¼òµ¥µÄÖØпª»ú£®
7.·¢³ö ping Ö¸Áî: ping 192.168.1.1 ÒÔ²âÊÔµ½ÄãµÄ gateway »úÆ÷
µÄÁ¬½ÓÐÔ£®
(ÕâÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÇøÓòÍø·µÄÁ¬½Ó²âÊÔ£¬Ä㻹²»ÄÜ ping µ½ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ
½ç)£®
3.3.5. ÅäÖÃʹÓà NCSA Telnet Ì×¼þµÄ DOS »úÆ÷
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓа²×°Íø·¿¨£¬ÏÖÔÚ×ö£®
2.ÔØÈëÊʵ±µÄ·â°üÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£®¶Ôì¶ NE2000 ¿¨À´Ëµ£¬Èç¹ûÄãµÄ¿¨
É趨Ϊ IRQ 10 ¼°Ó²ÌåÎ»Ö·ì¶ 0x300£¬Óà nwpd 0x60 10 0x300£®
3.½¨Á¢Ò»ÐÂĿ¼£¬È»áá½â¿ª NCSA Telnet Ì×¼þ: pkunzip
tel2308b.zip
4.ʹÓÃÎÄ×Ö±à¼Æ÷´ò¿ª config.tel µµ°¸£®
5.É趨 myip=192.168.1.x (1 < x < 255), ÒÔ¼°
netmask=255.255.255.0£®
6.ÔÚ±¾Àý×ÓÖУ¬ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÉ趨 hardware=packet, interrupt=10,
ioaddr=60£®
7.ÄãÖÁÉÙÒªÓÐÒ»µ¥¶ÀµÄ»úÆ÷É趨Ϊ gateway£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ Linux Ö÷
»ú:
name=default
host=yourlinuxhostname
hostip=192.168.1.1
gateway=1
8.»¹ÒªÓÐÁíÍâÒ»¸öÖ¸¶¨ÁìÓòÃû³Æ·þÎñ:
name=dns.domain.com ; hostip=123.123.123.123; nameserver=1
×¢Òâ: ÓÃÄã Linux Ö÷»úʹÓÃµÄ DNS µÄÊʵ±×ÊѶÀ´È¡´ú£®
9.´¢´æÄãµÄ config.tel µµ°¸£®
10.Telnet µ½ÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úÒÔ²âÊÔÍø·Á¬½Ó: telnet 192.168.1.1
3.3.6. ÅäÖÃÖ´ÐÐ MacTCP µÄ MacOS »úÆ÷
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûΪÄãµÄÒÒÌ«Íø·ת½ÓÆ÷°²×°Êʵ±µÄÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬×îºÃ
ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×÷£®
2.´ò¿ª MacTCP control panel£¬Ñ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄÍø·Çý¶¯³Ìʽ
(Ethernet, ¶ø·Ç EtherTalk) ²¢°´Ï 'More...' Å¥£®
3.ÔÚ 'Obtain Address:', °´ 'Manually'£®
4.ÔÚ 'IP Address:' Ï£¬´Óµ¯³öÑ¡µ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ class C£®ºöÂÔ¶Ô»°
ºÐÖеÄÆäËü²¿·Ý£®
5.ÔÚ 'Domain Name Server Information:' ÖÐÌîÈëÊʵ±×ÊѶ£®
6.ÔÚ 'Gateway Address:' ÖУ¬ÌîÈë 192.168.1.1£®
7.°´Ï 'OK' ÒÔ´¢´æÉ趨£®ÔÚ MacTCP control panel µÄÖ÷ÊÓ´°
ÖУ¬ÔÚ 'IP Address:' ºÐÖÐÌîÈëÄã Mac µÄ IP λַ
(192.168.1.x, 1 < x < 255)£®
8.¹Ø±Õ MacTCP control panel. Èç¹ûÓеĵ¯³öÊÓ´°ÌáÐÑÄãÖØпª
»ú£¬ÄǾÍ×ö°É£®
9.Äã¿ÉÒÔ ping Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷À´À´²âÊÔÍø·Á¬Ïߣ®Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ
MacTCP Watcher Ãâ·Ñ³Ìʽ£¬°´Ï 'Ping' Å¥£¬È»ááÔÚµ¯³öµÄ¶Ô
»°ºÐÖмüÈëÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úµÄµØÖ·(192.168.1.1)£®(ÕâÖ»²»¹ý
ÊÇÇøÓòÍø·µÄÁ¬½Ó²âÊÔ£¬Ä㻹²»ÄÜ ping µ½ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ½ç£®)
10.Äã¿ÉÑ¡ÔñÐÔµØÔÚ System Folder Öн¨Á¢Ò» Hosts µµ°¸ÒÔ±ãÄã¿É
ÒÔʹÓÃÄãÇøÓòÍø·Àï»úÆ÷µÄÖ÷»úÃû³Æ£®Õâ¸öµµ°¸¿ÉÄÜÒѾ´æÔÚ
ì¶ÄãµÄ System Folder À¶øÇÒËüÓ¦¸Ã»á°üº¬Ò»Ð©(×¢½âµôµÄ)
¡õÀýÏîÄ¿¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÄãµÄÐèÒªÀ´Ð޸ģ®
3.3.7. ÅäÖÃÖ´ÐÐ Open Transport µÄ MacOS ϵͳ
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûΪÄãµÄÒÒÌ«Íø·ת½ÓÆ÷°²×°Êʵ±µÄÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬×îºÃ
ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×÷£®
2.´ò¿ª TCP/IP Control Panel È»áá´Ó Edit Ñ¡µ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ 'User
Mode ...'£®È·¶¨Ê¹ÓÃÕßģʽÖÁÉÙÊÇ 'Advanced' È»áá°´ÏÂ
'OK' Å¥£®
3.´Ó File Ñ¡µ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ 'Configurations...'£®Ñ¡Ôñ 'Default'
ÅäÖò¢°´Ï 'Duplicate...' Å¥£®ÔÚ 'Duplicate
Configuration' ¶Ô»°ºÐÖмüÈë 'IP Masq' (»òÊÇÆäËüÄÜÈÃÄãÖª
µÀÕâÊǸöÌØÊâÅäÖõÄ×ÖÑÛ)£¬Ëü¿ÉÄÜ»á˵ÏñÊÇ 'Deafault copy'
ʲ÷áµÄ£®È»áá°´Ï 'OK' Å¥£¬ÒÔ¼° 'Make Active' Å¥£®
4.´Ó 'Connect via:' µ¯³öʽѡµ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ 'Ethernet'£®
5.´Ó 'Configure:' µ¯³öʽѡµ¥Ñ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄÏîÄ¿£®Èç¹ûÄã²»ÖªµÀ
Ó¦¸Ãѡʲ÷ᣬÄã¿ÉÄÜÓ¦¸ÃÖØÐÂÑ¡ÔñÄãµÄ 'Default' ÅäÖÃÈ»ááÀë
¿ª£®ÎÒÓõÄÊÇ 'Manually'£®
6.ÔÚ 'IP Address:' ºÐÖÐÊäÈëÄãµÄ Mac µÄ IP λַ
(192.168.1.x, 1 < x < 255)£®
7.ÔÚ 'Subnet mask:' ºÐÖÐÊäÈë 255.255.255.0£®
8.ÔÚ 'Router address:' ºÐÖÐÊäÈë 192.168.1.1 £®
9.ÔÚ 'Name server addr.:' ºÐÖÐÊäÈëÄãµÄÁìÓòÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ IP
λַ£®
10.ÔÚ 'Implicit Search Path:' ÀïµÄ 'Starting domain name'
ÊäÈëÄãµÄÍø¼ÊÍø·ÁìÓòÃû³Æ(ÀýÈç 'microsoft.com')£®
11.½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ²½ÖèÊÇÑ¡ÔñÐԵģ®²»ÕýÈ·µÄÖµ¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÑÏÖصĴíÎóÐÐ
Ϊ£®Èç¹ûÄ㲻ȷ¶¨£¬×îºÃÁôÏ¿հף¬²»Òª¹´Ñ¡£®Èç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ
»°£¬³ýÈ¥ÄÇЩÀ¸Î»ÖеÄÈκÎ×ÊѶ£®¾ÍÎÒÄ¿Ç°Ëù֪ûÓа취ÔÚ
TCP/IP ¶Ô»°ÊÓ´°ÖиæËßϵͳ²»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÒÔÇ°Ñ¡¹ýµÄÁíÒ» "Hosts"
µµ°¸£®Èç¹ûÄãÖªµÀµÄ»°£¬ÎÒºÜÓÐÐËȤÁ˽⣮Èç¹ûÄãµÄÍø·ÐèÒª
802.3 ¿ò¼ÜµÄ»°¹´Ñ¡ '802.3'£®
12.°´Ï 'Options...' ÒÔÈ·¶¨ TCP/IP ÓÐ×÷Óã®ÎÒʹÓà 'Load
only when needed' Ñ¡ÏÈç¹ûÄãÖ´Ðв¢½áÊø TCP/IP Ó¦ÓóÌ
ʽÐí¶à´Î¶øδÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷£¬Ä㽫·¢ÏÖ²»Ñ¡ 'Load only
when needed' »áÒÖÖÆ/½µµÍÄã»úÆ÷µÄ¼ÇÒäÌå¹ÜÀíЧÄÜ£®²»Ñ¡´Ë
ÏîÄ¿½«Ê¹ TCP/IP ж¨×ÜÊDZ»ÔØÈë±ãì¶Ê¹Óã®Èç¹û¹´Ñ¡ÁË£¬
TCP/IP ж¨»á×Ô¶¯ÔÚÐèҪʱÔØÈë²¢ÔÚ²»ÐèҪʱÊÍ·Å£®ÔØÈëÓëÊÍ
·ÅµÄ¹ý³Ì¿ÉÄÜʹÄã»úÆ÷µÄ¼ÇÒäÌå±äµÄËéÁÑ£®
13.Äã¿ÉÒÔ ping Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷À´À´²âÊÔÍø·Á¬Ïߣ®Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ
MacTCP Watcher Ãâ·Ñ³Ìʽ£¬°´Ï 'Ping' Å¥£¬È»ááÔÚµ¯³öµÄ¶Ô
»°ºÐÖмüÈëÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úµÄµØÖ·(192.168.1.1)£®(ÕâÖ»²»¹ý
ÊÇÇøÓòÍø·µÄÁ¬½Ó²âÊÔ£¬Ä㻹²»ÄÜ ping µ½ÍâÃæµÄÊÀ½ç£®)
14.Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ System Folder Öн¨Á¢Ò» Hosts µµ°¸ÒÔ±ãÄã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
ÄãÇøÓòÍø·Àï»úÆ÷µÄÖ÷»úÃû³Æ£®Õâ¸öµµ°¸¿ÉÄÜÒѾ»ò»¹Î´´æÔÚ
ì¶ÄãµÄ System Folder ÀÈç¹ûÓеĻ°£¬ËüÓ¦¸Ã»á°üº¬Ò»Ð©
(×¢½âµôµÄ)¡õÀýÏîÄ¿¶øÄã¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÄãµÄÐèÒªÀ´Ð޸ģ®Èç¹û»¹Ã»
ÓеĻ°£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÒ»²¿ÕýÔÚÔË×÷ MacTCP µÄϵͳÖÐÈ¡»Ø£¬»ò×Ô
¼º½¨Ò»¸ö(Ëü×ñÑ Unix µÄ /etc/hosts µµ°¸¸ñʽ£¬ÔÚ RFC 1035
µÄµÚ 33 Ò³ÖÐÃèÊö)£®Ò»µ©Ä㽨Á¢ÁËÕâ¸öµµ°¸£¬´ò¿ª TCP/IP
control panel£¬°´Ï 'Select Hosts File...' Å¥£¬È»áá´ò¿ª
Hosts µµ°¸£®
15.¹Ø±Õ¶Ô»°ºÐ»ò´Ó File Ñ¡µ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ 'Close' »ò 'Quit' È»áá°´
Ï 'Save' ÒÔ´¢´æÄãËù×öµÄ¸Ä±ä£®
16.ÕâЩ¸Ä±ä»áÁ¢¿ÌÉúЧ£¬µ«ÖØпª»úÒ²ÎÞº¦£®
3.3.8. ÅäÖÃʹÓà DNS µÄ Novell Íø·
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûΪÄãµÄÒÒÌ«Íø·ת½ÓÆ÷°²×°Êʵ±µÄÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬×îºÃ
ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×÷£®
2.´Ó ftp.novell.com/pub/updates/unixconn/lwp5 È¡»Ø
tcpip16.exe£®
3.±à¼ c:\nwclient\startnet.bat
: (here is a copy of mine)
SET NWLANGUAGE=ENGLISH
LH LSL.COM
LH KTC2000.COM
LH IPXODI.COM
LH tcpip
LH VLM.EXE
F:
4.±à¼ c:\nwclient\net.cfg
: (½«Çý¶¯³Ìʽ¸ÄΪÄãµÄ£¬ i.e. NE2000)
Link Driver KTC2000
Protocol IPX 0 ETHERNET_802.3
Frame ETHERNET_802.3
Frame Ethernet_II
FRAME Ethernet_802.2
NetWare DOS Requester
FIRST NETWORK DRIVE = F
USE DEFAULTS = OFF
VLM = CONN.VLM
VLM = IPXNCP.VLM
VLM = TRAN.VLM
VLM = SECURITY.VLM
VLM = NDS.VLM
VLM = BIND.VLM
VLM = NWP.VLM
VLM = FIO.VLM
VLM = GENERAL.VLM
VLM = REDIR.VLM
VLM = PRINT.VLM
VLM = NETX.VLM
Link Support
Buffers 8 1500
MemPool 4096
Protocol TCPIP
PATH SCRIPT C:\NET\SCRIPT
PATH PROFILE C:\NET\PROFILE
PATH LWP_CFG C:\NET\HSTACC
PATH TCP_CFG C:\NET\TCP
ip_address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
ip_router xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
5.×îáὨÁ¢
c:\bin\resolv.cfg
:
SEARCH DNS HOSTS SEQUENTIAL
NAMESERVER 207.103.0.2
NAMESERVER 207.103.11.9
6.ÎÒÏ£ÍûÕâЩijЩʹÓà Novell Íø·µÄÈËÓаïÖú£®»¹ÓУ¬Õâ¶Ô
Netware 3.1x »ò 4.x ¶¼ÓÐÓã®
3.3.9. ÅäÖÃ OS/2 Warp
1.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûΪÄãµÄÒÒÌ«Íø·ת½ÓÆ÷°²×°Êʵ±µÄÇý¶¯³Ìʽ£¬×îºÃ
ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×÷£®
2.Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûװ TCP/IP ͨѶж¨µÄ»°ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×°£®
3.¿ªÆô Programms/TCP/IP (LAN) / TCP/IP É趨
4.ÔÚ 'Network' À¸Î»¼ÓÉÏÄãµÄ TCP/IP λַ²¢É趨ÄãµÄ netmask
(255.255.255.0)
5.ÔÚ 'Routing' À¸Î»°´Ï 'Add'. ½« Type À¸Î»É趨Ϊ
'default' ²¢ÔÚ 'Router Address' À¸Î»ÖмüÈëÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷
»úµÄ IP λַ (192.168.1.1).
6.½« 'Hosts' À¸Î»É趨ÓëÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úʹÓÃÏàͬµÄ DNS (Ãû
³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷)λַ£®
7.¹Ø±Õ TCP/IP ¿ØÖÆ̨£®ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÎÊÌâÖлشð yes.
8.ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÄãµÄϵͳ
9.Äã¿ÉÒÔ ping ÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»úÒÔ²âÊÔÍø·ÅäÖã®ÔÚ 'OS/2 Ãü
ÁîÊÓ´°' ÉϼüÈë 'ping 192.168.1.1'. Èç¹ûÊÕµ½ ping ·â°üÒ»ÇоÍ
ûÎÊÌ⣮
3.3.10. ÅäÖÃÆäËüϵͳ
ËüÃÇÓ¦¸Ã°´ÕÕÏàͬµÄÀíÂÛÀ´½¨Á¢£®²éÔÄÉÏÊöµÄС½Ú£®Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÐËȤ
д¹Øì¶ÆäËüµÄ×÷ҵϵͳµÄÅäÖã¬ÇëËÍÏêϸµÄ½¨Á¢Ö¸Ê¾µ½
ambrose@writeme.com.
3.4. ÅäÖà IP תËÍ(Forwarding)µÄ·½Ê½
µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÒѾ°²×°ºÃºËÐÄÒÔ¼°ÆäËüÐèÒªµÄÌ×¼þ£¬Ò²ÔØÈë
ÁËÄãµÄÄ£×飮ͬʱ£¬ÆäËü»úÆ÷µÄ IP λַ£¬Õ¢µÀ£¬ÒÔ¼°¡¡DNS Ò²¸Ã
È«¶¼É趨Íê³É£®
ÏÖÔÚ£¬Î¨Ò»Ê£ÏÂÒª×öµÄÊÂÊÇʹÓà ipfwadm תËÍÊʵ±µÄ·â°ü¸øÊʵ±µÄ
»úÆ÷:
** Õâ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄ·½Ê½À´´ï³É£®ÏÂÁеĽ¨ÒéÓëÀý×Ó¶Ô
ÎÒÀ´ËµÄÜÓ㬵«Äã¿ÉÄÜÓв»Í¬µÄÖ÷Ò⣬Ïê½Ú²¿·ÝÇë²Î¿¼ 4.4
½Ú¼° ipfwadm µÄÏßÉÏÊֲᣮ **
ipfwadm -F -p deny
ipfwadm -F -a m -S yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/x -D 0.0.0.0/0
ÆäÖÐ x ÊÓÄãµÄ×ÓÍø·¶ø¶¨£¬ÎªÏÂÁÐÊý×ÖÖ®Ò»£¬¶ø yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy
ÔòÊÇÄãµÄÍø·λַ£®
netmask | x | Subnet
~~~~~~~~|~~|~~~~~~~255.0.0.0 | 8 | Class A
255.255.0.0 | 16 | Class B
255.255.255.0 | 24 | Class C
255.255.255.255 | 32 | Point-to-point
ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÎÒÊÇÔÚÒ»¸ö class C ×ÓÍø·ÉÏ£¬ÎÒµÃÊäÈë:
ipfwadm -F -p deny
ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
ÒòΪ bootp ÇëÇó·â°üûÓкϷ¨µÄ IP's £¬¿Í»§¶Ë²¢²»ÖªµÀËüµÄλ
Ö·£¬¶Ôì¶ÔÚαװ/·À»ðǽÉÏÖ´ÐÐ bootp ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÈ˱ØÐëÔÚ deny Ö®
Ç°Ö´ÐÐÏÂÁÐÖ¸Áî:
ipfwadm -I -a accept -S 0/0 68 -D 0/0 67 -W bootp_clients_net_if_name -P udp
ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ·Ö±ð¶Ôÿ̨»úÆ÷É趨£®ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÎÒÏëÈà 192.168.1.2 ¼°
192.168.1.8 Äܹ»´æÈ¡Íø¼ÊÍø·£¬µ«²»ÔÊÐíÆäËü»úÆ÷ʹÓõĻ°£¬ÎÒ
µÃÊäÈë:
ipfwadm -F -p deny
ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.2/32 -D 0.0.0.0/0
ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.8/32 -D 0.0.0.0/0
ÁíÍ⣬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëÍø·ÕÚÕÖÒÔÈ¡´ú¸ÃÖµ£¬ÀýÈç
192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
³£¼ûµÄ´íÎóÊÇÏñÕâÑùµÄµÚÒ»ÐÐÖ¸Áî
ipfwadm -F -p masquerade
²»Òª°ÑÄãµÄÔ¤É跽ʽ(policy)¶¨ÎªÎ±×°(masquerading) £ ·ñÔò¿É
ÒÔ²Ù¿ØËûÃǵĵÝËÍ·¾¶(routing) µÄÈ˽«Äܹ»Ö±½Ó´©¹ý(tunnel)Äã
µÄÕ¢µÀ£¬ÒÔ´ËαװËûÃǵÄÉí·Ö!
ÔÙÒ»´Î£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÕâЩ¼ÓÈë /etc/rc.local µµ°¸£¬ÈκÎÒ»¸öÄã±È½Ïϲ
»¶µÄ rc µµ°¸£¬»òÊÇÔÚÿ´ÎÄãÐèÒª IP Masquerade ʱÊÖ¶¯Ö´ÐÐÖ®£®
ÇëÔĶÁ 4.4 ½ÚÓÐ¹Ø Ipfwadm µÄÏêϸָÒý£®
3.5. ²âÊÔ IP Masquerade
ÔÚÕâЩ¹¤×÷Íê³ÉáᣬÏÖÔÚÊÇÊÔÊÔ¿´µÄʱºòÁË£®È·¶¨ÄãµÄ Linux Ö÷»ú
µ½Íø¼ÊÍø·µÄÁ¬ÏßÊÇͨµÄ£®
Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆäËü»úÆ÷ÉÏÊÔÖøä¯ÀÀһЩ'Íø¼ÊÍø·!!!' ÉϵÄÍøÒ³£¬¿´ÊÇ
·ñÄܼûµ½£®ÎÒ½¨ÒéµÚÒ»´Î³¢ÊÔʱʹÓà IP λַ¶ø²»ÒªÓÃÖ÷»úÃû³Æ£¬
ÒòΪÄãµÄ DNS É趨ÓпÉÄܲ¢²»ÕýÈ·£®
ÀýÈ磬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà http://152.2.254.81/mdw/linux.html À´´æÈ¡
Linux Îļþ¼Æ»ÍøÒ³ http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html£®
Èç¹ûÄã¿´¼ûÄÇƯÁÁµÄ·«´¬(Òë×¢: LDP ÍøÒ³ºÃÏñûÓз«´¬? :P)£¬ÄÇ
÷ṧϲ! Ëü¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷ÁË! ½ÓÖøÄã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÖ÷»úÃû³ÆÊÔÊÔ¿´£¬È»ááÊÇ
telnet, ftp, RealAudio, True Speech£¬ÒÔ¼°ÈκΠIP Masquerade
Ö§Ô®µÄ¶«Î÷£®
µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬ÎÒ»¹²»ÔøÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÉ趨ÉÏ·¢Éú¹ýÎÊÌ⣬¶øÄÇЩ»¨ÏÂʱ
¼äÈÃÕâ¸ö¾øÃÄÜÔË×÷µÄÈËÍêȫͬÒâÕâЩÉ趨£®
Linux IP Masquerade mini HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : IP Masquerade µÄÉ趨
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