Linux °æ (¾«»ªÇø)
·¢ÐÅÈË: clx (³þÁôÏã), ÐÅÇø: Unix
±ê Ìâ: Linux Information Sheet ÖÐÒë°æ(04)
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ×Ï ¶¡ Ïã (Sat Jun 27 16:23:48 1998), תÐÅ
Linux Information Sheet ÖÐÒë°æ : Hardware ÐèÇó
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3. Hardware ÐèÇó
3.1. ×îСÅäÖÃ
ÏÂÃæ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈà Linux ÔË×÷ËùÐè×îСµÄÅäÖÃ: 386SX/16, 1 MB RAM,
1.44 MB or 1.2 MB floppy, ÈκÎÖ§Ô®µÄÏÔʾ¿¨(µ±È»¼ÓÉϼüÅÌ£¬ÏÔ
ʾÆ÷µÈ)£® Õâ¸öÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄãÆô¶¯Óë²âÊÔËüÊÇ·ñÄÜÔÚÄDz¿»úÆ÷ÉÏÔË
×÷£¬µ«ÄãÎÞ·¨×öÈκÎÓÐÓõÄÊÂÇ飮 Linux µÄ×îСÅäÖÿɲμû
http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html£®
ΪÁËÄÜ×öһЩÊÂÇ飬Äã»áÏëҪһЩӲµú¿Õ¼ä£¬5 µ½ 10 MB Ó¦¸Ã×ã¹»
Ò»×îСµÄ°²×°(Ö»°üº¬×îÖØÒªµÄÖ¸Áî¼°»òÐíÒ»¸öµ½Á½¸öСµÄÓ¦ÓóÌ
ʽ£¬ÀýÈ磬Öն˻ú³Ìʽ)£® ÕâÈÔÈ»ÊǷdz££¬·Ç³£ÊÜÏ޵ģ¬¶øÇҷdz£
²»Êæ·þµÄ£¬ÒòΪËüδÁôÏÂ×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼äÀ´×öÈκÎÊ£¬³ý·ÇÄãµÄÓ¦ÓóÌ
ʽÏ൱ÓÐÏÞ£® Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ²¢²»½¨ÒéÈç´Ë£¬³ýÁ˲âÊÔËüÊÇ·ñÄÜÔË×÷£¬ÒÔ
¼°µ±È»¿ÉÒÔÄÃÀ´¿ä¿Ú˵ֻÐèÒªÕâ÷áСµÄ×ÊÔ´£®
3.2. ¿ÉÓÃÅäÖÃ
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÄÃÀ´ÅÜÐè´óÁ¿¼ÆËãµÄ³Ìʽ£¬ÀýÈç gcc, X ¼° TeX, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã
»áÏëÒªÒ»¸ö±È 386SX/16 ¸ü¿ìµÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬µ«¼´Ê¹ÊÇ 386SX/16 Èç¹û
ÄãÓÐÄÍÐĵĻ°ËüÒ²Ó¦¸Ã¹»ÓÃÁË£®
ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Èç¹ûÄã²»Óà X µÄ»°Äã»áÖÁÉÙÏëÒª 4 MB µÄ¼ÇÒäÌ壬¶øÈôÒª
ÅÜ X µÄ»°ÖÁÉÙÒª 8 MB. »¹ÓУ¬Èç¹ûÄãÏëͬʱÓкü¸¸öʹÓÃÕߣ¬»ò
ͬʱִÐкü¸¸ö´óÐͳÌʽ(ÀýÈç±àÒë)£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏëÒª³¬¹ý 4 MB µÄ
¼ÇÒäÌ壮 ËüÔÚ¸üÉٵļÇÒäÌåÉÏÈÔ¿ÉÔË×÷(Ó¦¸ÃÉõÖÁ¿ÉÔÚ 2 MB ÉÏÔË
×÷)£¬µ«Ëü»áʹÓÃÐéÄâ¼ÇÒäÌå(ʹÓÃÓ²µú×÷ΪÂýµÄ¼ÇÒäÌå)¶øÄÇ»á±äµÃ
Ì«Âý¶øÄÑÒÔʹÓã® Èç¹ûÄãÒ»´ÎʹÓÃÐí¶à³Ìʽ£¬16 MB ½«»á½µµÍ´óÁ¿
µÄ´Åµú½»»»£®Èç¹ûÄã²»ÏëÔÚÕý³£¸ºÔØÏÂÈý»»»¿É±»²é¾õ£¬32 MB ½«
»á×ã¹»ÁË£® µ±È»£¬Èç¹ûÄãÖ´ÐÐÏûºÄ´óÁ¿¼ÇÒäÌåµÄÓ¦ÓóÌʽ£¬ÄãÒ²Ðí
»áÐèÒª¸ü¶à£®
ÄãÐèÒªµÄÓ²µúÈÝÁ¿ÊÓÄãÏëÒª°²×°Ê²÷áÈíÌå¶ø¶¨£®»ù±¾µÄ Unix ¹¤
¾ß£¬shells ¼°Ëü¹ÜÀí³ÌʽӦ¸ÃÉÙì¶ 10 MB, »¹ÒªÓÐÒ»²¿·ÝµÄ¿Õ¼ä¸ø
ʹÓÃÕßµµ°¸£® Ò»¸öÍêÕûµÄϵͳ£¬È¡Óà Red Hat, Debian, »òÆäËüµÄ
Ì×¼þ£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÐèÒª 60 µ½ 300 MB, ¿´ÄãÑ¡Ôñ°²×°Ê²÷áÒÔ¼°ÄãÈ¡µÃ
ʲ÷áÌ×¼þ¶ø¶¨£® ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏÄãÒª±£Áô¸øʹÓÃÕߵĿռ䣮ÔÚ½ñÈÕµÄÓ²µú¼Û
¸ñÏ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÒªÂòһеÄϵͳ£¬Ã»ÓÐÀíÓÉÂòÒ»¸ö̫СµÄÓ²µú£® ÖÁÉÙ
Âò 500 MB, ×îºÃ 1 GB »ò¸ü¶àµÄ£¬¶øÄ㽫²»»ááá»Ú£®
¼ÓÉϸü¶àµÄ¼ÇÒäÌ壬¸ü¶àµÄÓ²µú£¬Ò»¸ö¸ü¿ìµÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷¼°ÆäËüµÄ¶«Î÷
ÊÓÄãµÄÐèÒª¶ø¶¨£¬Ï£Íû¼°Ô¤ËãÒªÔ¶³¬¹ý½ö½ö¿ÉÓõij̶ȣ® Ò»°ãÀ´
˵£¬Ò»Ïî DOS Óë Linux Ï൱´óµÄ²îÒìÊÇ Linux Ôö´ó¼ÇÒäÌå»áÓкÜ
´óµÄ²»Í¬£¬¶øÔÚ DOS Éϸü¶àµÄ¼ÇÒäÌ岢ûÓÐÌ«´óµÄ²»Í¬£® Õ⵱Ȼ
ÊÇÓÉì¶ DOS µÄ 640 KB ÏÞÖÆ£¬ÕâÔÚ Linux ÉÏÊÇÍêÈ«²»´æÔڵģ®
3.3. Ö§Ô®µÄÓ²Ìå
CPU:
ÈκοÉÖ´ÐÐ 386 ±£»¤Ä£Ê½³ÌʽµÄ¶«Î÷(386, 486, 586 ¼° 686
ËùÓеÄÐͺŶ¼Ó¦ÄÜÔË×÷£®286 ¼°¸ü¾ÉµÄÒ²ÐíÓÐÒ»Ìì¿ÉÔÚÒ»½ÏС
µÄºËÐijÆΪ ELKS(Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset) ϱ»Ö§
Ô®£¬µ«±ðÆÚÍû»áÓÐÏàͬµÄÄÜÁ¦£®) ¸ø 680x0 CPU µÄ°æ±¾(ÆäÖÐ
x = 2 ÒªÓÐÍⲿ MMU, 3, 4, ¼° 6)¿ÉÔÚ Amigas ¼° Ataris ÉÏ
Ö´ÐеĿÉÔÚ tsx-11.mit.edu µÄ 680x0 Ŀ¼ÏÂÕÒµ½£® Ðí¶à
DEC Alphas, SPARCs ¼° PowerPC »úÆ÷¶¼±»Ö§Ô®£®ÒÆÖ²µ½ ARM,
StrongARM ¼° MIPS ¼Ü¹¹ÉÏÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÖУ®¸ü¶àµÄϸ½Ú¿ÉÔÚ±ð´¦
ÕÒµ½£®
¼Ü¹¹:
ISA »ò EISA »ãÁ÷ÅÅ£® MCA(mostly true blue PS/2's) µÄÖ§
Ô®»¹²»ÍêÕûµ«Õý¸ÄÉÆÖÐ(¼ûÏÂÊö)£® Linux ¶ÔÓ²ÌåµÄÒªÇó±È
DOS, Windows, ÒÔ¼°ÊÂʵÉϴ󲿷ÝÆäËüµÄ×÷ҵϵͳ»¹Òª¸ß£® Õâ
±íʾ˵ijЩÔÚÖ´ÐÐÆäËüÒªÇó½ÏµÍµÄ×÷ҵϵͳ²»»áÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ×îµÍ
Ó²Ìå¿ÉÄÜÔÚÅÜ Linux ʱ»áʧ°Ü£®Linux ÊÇÏ൱ºÃµÄ¼ÇÒäÌå²âÊÔ
Æ÷...
RAM:
ÔÚ Intel ƽ̨ÉÏÖÁ¶à¿Éµ½ 1 GB; ÔÚ 64-bit µÄƽ̨ÉÏ¿ÉÓиü
¶à£® ijЩÈË(°üÀ¨ Linus ±¾ÈË)ÒѾעÒâµ½Ôö¼Ó RAM ¶ø²»Í¬Ê±
Ôö¼Ó¸ü¶àµÄ¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒäÌå»áʹËûÃǵĻúÆ÷±äµÃºÜÂý£¬Òò´ËÈç¹ûÄãÔ
ö¼ÓÁ˼ÇÒäÌå¶ø·¢ÏÖÄãµÄ»úÆ÷±äÂýÁË£¬ÊÔÖø¼ÓÉϸü¶àµÄ¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒ
äÌ壮
ijЩ»úÆ÷Ö»ÄÜ¿ìȡijЩÊýÁ¿µÄ¼ÇÒäÌ壬²»ÂÛ°²×°Á˶àÉÙ
µÄ RAM (64 MB ÊÇ×î¶à¾§Æ¬ÄÜ¿ìÈ¡µÄ)£® ³¬¹ý 64 MB µÄ¼ÇÒäÌå
½«ÐèÒªÆô¶¯Ê±ÆڵIJÎÊý£¬Òò BIOS ²»Äܱ¨¸æ³¬¹ý 64 MB µÄ¼ÇÒä
Ì壬ÕâÊÇÒòΪËü``Éè¼Æ²»Á¼(broken as designed)''£®
×ÊÁÏ´¢´æÉ豸:
Ò»°ãµÄ AT ´Åµú (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD controllers with
MFM or RLL, or ESDI) ÊÇÖ§Ô®µÄ£¬SCSI Ó²µú¼°¹âµú»úÒ²¶¼Ö§
Ô®£¬Ö»ÒªÓÐÒ»±»Ö§Ô®µÄ SCSI ¿¨£®Ò»°ãµÄ XT ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ (8 bit
controllers with MFM or RLL) Ò²¶¼Ö§Ô®£® Ö§Ô®µÄ SCSI ¿¨
ÓÐ: Advansys, Adaptec 1542, 1522, 1740, 27xx, and 29xx
ϵÁÐ(ÓÐЩÀýÍâ), Buslogic MultiMaster and Flashpoint,
NCR53c8xx-based controllers, DPT controllers, Qlogic
ISP and FAS controllers, Seagate ST-01 and ST-02,
Future Domain TMC-88x series (or any board based on the
TMC950 chip) and TMC1660/1680, Ultrastor 14F, 24F and
34F, Western Digital wd7000, and others. SCSI, QIC-02,
¼°Ò»Ð© QIC-80 tapes Ò²Ö§Ô®£® ºÃ¼¸ÖÖ CD-ROM ×°ÖÃÒ²¶¼Ö§
Ô®£¬°üÀ¨ Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony,
Soundblaster, Toshiba, ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI, ¼°ÆäËüµÄ£®
ÏëÁ˽âȷʵµÄÐͺţ¬²éÔÄ Hardware compatibility HOWTO£®
ÊÓѶ:
VGA, EGA, CGA, »ò Hercules (¼°ÏàÈݵÄ)¿ÉÔÚÎÄ×ÖģʽÔË×÷£®
ͼÐÍģʽ¼° X ÊÓ´°£¬Ö§Ô®µÄÓÐ(ÖÁÉÙ)ÆÕͨµÄ VGA, ijЩ
super-VGA ¿¨(´ó²¿·ÝÓà ET3000, ET4000, Paradise, ¼°Ä³Ð©
Trident ¾§Æ¬µÄ¿¨), S3, 8514/A, ATI MACH8/32/64, ¼°
hercules. (Linux ʹÓà XFree86 X server, Òò´ËÕâ¾ö¶¨ÁËʲ
÷Ῠ±»Ö§Ô®£®µ¥µ¥ÍêÕûÒÑÖ§Ô®¾§Æ¬µÄÁбí¾Í³¬¹ýÁËÒ»Ò³£®)
Íø·:
ÒÒÌ«Íø·¿¨Ö§Ô®°üÀ¨ 3COM 503/509/579/589/595/905
(501/505/507 Ò²Ö§Ô®µ«²»½¨ÒéʹÓÃ)£¬ AT&T GIS (ne¨¦ NCR)
WaveLAN, most WD8390-based cards, most WD80x3-based
cards, NE1000/2000 ¼°´ó²¿·ÝµÄ·ÂÖÆÆ·, AC3200, Apricot
82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link
DE-600/620, DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo,
DE210, DE422, Cabletron E2100 (²»½¨Òé), Intel
EtherExpress (²»½¨Òé), DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP
PCLAN/plus, most AMD LANCE-based cards, NI5210, ni6510,
SMC Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet,
ËùÓÐ Zircom ¿¨¼°ËùÓÐ Cabletron µÄ¿¨³ýÁË E2100 Ö®Íⶼ²»
Ö§Ô®£¬ÒòΪÖÆÔìÉ̲»Ô¸ÒâÃâ·ÑµÄ¹«¿ª³Ìʽд×÷µÄ×ÊѶ£®
FDDI Ä¿Ç°Ö§Ô®°üÀ¨À´×Ô DEC µÄ DEFxx ¿¨£®
µã¶ÔµãÍø·֧Ԯ°üÀ¨ÁË PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, and PLIP.
ÓÐÏÞµÄ Token Ring Ö§Ô®ÒÑ¿ÉÈ¡µÃ£®
´®ÁÐ×°ÖÃ:
´ó²¿·Ý 16450 ¼° 16550 UART-based °å£¬°üÀ¨ AST Fourport,
the Usenet Serial Card II, ¼°ÆäËüµÄ£® ÖÇ»ÛÐÍ´®ÁаåÖ§Ô®
°üÀ¨ Cyclades Cyclom ϵÁÐ (ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), Comtrol
Rocketport ϵÁÐ (ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), Stallion (´ó²¿·Ý; ÓÉÖÆ
ÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), ÒÔ¼° Digi (ijЩ°æ; ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®)£®Ä³Ð© ISDN,
frame relay, ¼°×¨ÏßÓ²ÌåÒ²Ö§Ô®£®
ÆäËüµÄÓ²Ìå:
SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16, Gravis Ultrasound,
´ó²¿·ÝÆäËüµÄÒôЧ¿¨£¬´ó²¿·Ý(È«²¿?)Á÷ÐеĻãÁ÷ÅÅ»¬Êó
(Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), µÈµÈ£®
Linux Information Sheet ÖÐÒë°æ : Hardware ÐèÇó
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