Linux °æ (¾«»ªÇø)
·¢ÐÅÈË: netiscpu (˵²»Èç×ö), ÐÅÇø: Unix
±ê Ìâ: [CLDP]SGML Guide-HOWTO (ÖÐÎÄ)
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ×Ï ¶¡ Ïã (Tue May 19 08:26:03 1998), תÐÅ
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ
×÷Õß: Matt Welsh. Updated by Greg Hankins.
ÒëÕß: C.W.Huang cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
v0.99.0, 29 November 1996. ·ÒëÈÕÆÚ: 4-15 August 1997
Abstract
Õâ·ÝÎļþÊÇ SGML-Tools µÄʹÓÃ˵Ã÷£¬Ò»ÖÖÒÔ SGML
Ϊ»ù´¡£¬ÈÃÄã²úÉú²»Í¬Êä³ö¸ñʽµÄ¹¤¾ß£® Äã¿ÉÒÔÓõ¥Ò»µÄ SGML
ÔʼÎļþ²úÉú´¿ÎÄ×Öµµ (ASCII Óë ISO-8859-1), DVI, PostScript, HTML,
GNU info, LyX, Óë RTF µµ£® Õâ·ÝÎļþ˵Ã÷ÒÔ SGML-Tools 0.99.0. Ϊ׼£®
CONTENTS
1. ¼ò½é ..................................................................... 1
1.1 ¹Ø춴ËÎļþ ........................................................... 1
1.2 ΪºÎÓà SGML? ......................................................... 1
1.3 ËüÈçºÎÔË×÷ ........................................................... 2
2. °²×° ..................................................................... 3
2.1 °²×°ÈíÌå ............................................................. 4
2.2 ±àÅÅ SGML Îļþ ....................................................... 4
2.3 ISO 8859-1 ×ÖÔª¼¯ .................................................... 5
3. ʹÓà SGML-Tools ׫дÎļþ ................................................. 6
3.1 »ù±¾¸ÅÄî ............................................................. 6
3.2 ÌØÊâ×ÖÔª ............................................................. 6
3.3 Verbatim Óë Code »·¾³ ................................................ 7
3.4 ÎļþÄÚÈÝ¸Å¹Û ......................................................... 8
3.5 ½»»¥²Î¿¼ ............................................................ 10
3.6 ×ÖÐÍ ................................................................ 10
3.7 Áбí ................................................................ 11
3.8 ¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊѶ ...................................................... 12
i
1. ¼ò½é
ÕâÊÇÒ»·Ý SGML-Tools Îļþ´¦ÀíϵͳµÄʹÓÃ˵Ã÷£®SGML-Tools Ìṩһ¸ö SGML DTD
(ÎļþÐÎ̬¶¨Ò壬Document Type Definition) ¼°Ò»×顸Öû»µµ(replacement
files)¡¹£¬¿ÉÒÔ½« SGML ת»»Îª groff, LaTeX, HTML, GNU info, LyX, Óë RTF
µÄÔʼµµ£®
SGML-Tools Ö÷ÒªÒÔ Tom Gordon1 µÄ QWERTZ DTD Ϊ»ù´¡·¢Õ¹µÄ£®
1.1 ¹Ø춴ËÎļþ
Õâ·ÝÎļþÒÔ¸½ÔÚ SGML-Tools É쵀 linuxdoc DTD Ëù׫дµÄ£® Ëü¼¸ºõ°üº¬ËùÓÐʹÓÃÕâ·Ý
DTD À´Ð´ SGML ÎļþËùÐèÖªµÀµÄÊÂÇ飮 Çë²Î¿¼ example.sgml Õâ·Ý SGML
¡õÀý£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÄÃËüµ±×÷Äã×Ô¼ºÎļþµÄ¡õ±¾£®
1.2 ΪºÎÓà SGML?
ÎÒÑ¡ÔñʹÓà SGML ÊÇÒòΪ SGML ÊÇרÃÅÓÃÀ´×ª»»³ÉÆäËü¸ñʽµÄ£® SGML ÊÇ Standard Gen
eralized Markup Language
µÄ¼ò³Æ£¬ËüÔÊÐíÄãÖ¸¶¨ÎļþµÄ½á¹¹---Ò²¾ÍÊÇ£¬ÓúÎÖÖÊÂÎïÀ´±êʾÎļþ£® ÄãʹÓÃÒ»·Ý DTD
(ÎļþÐÎ̬¶¨Òå) À´Ö¸¶¨ÎļþµÄ½á¹¹£®linuxdoc ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ¸¶¨ Linux HOWTOs ÓëÆäËüÎļþµÄ
DTD£® QWERTZ ÊÇÁíÒ»ÖÖ DTD; SGML µÄ±ê×¼ÌṩÊ飬ÎÄÕ£¬¼°ÆäâÅÒ»°ãÎļþËùʹÓõÄ
DTD£®
DTD
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uxdoc DTD ÔòÏñÊÇ LaTeX£®
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1. <URL:mailto:thomas.gordon@gmd.de>
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 1
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 2
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1.3 ËüÈçºÎÔË×÷
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ʹµÃÎļþ¿´ÆðÀ´³¤µÃÏñ LaTeX---ËùÒÔºÜÈÝÒ××ñ´Ó£®Óà SGML
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sgmls ½âÎöÆ÷, ËûÒ²ÊÇ groff µÄ×÷Õߣ®ËüÓÃÆðÀ´ºÜ·½±ã£®sgmls
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2. <URL:mailto:jjc@jclark.com>
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 3
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(ÎÒ˵¹ýÁË£¬DTD ÖеÄÔªËØÏñ¼«ÁËËüÃÇÔÚ LaTeX ÖеĶÔÓ¦Î)
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· ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text/sgml-tools-0.99.0.tar.gz
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Äã¿ÉÒÔ´Ó SGML-Tools WWW Page3 È¡µÃ×îеÄ×ÊѶ£®
sgml-tools-0.99.0.tar.gz °üº¬ÁËËùÓÐÄãÐèÒªÓÃÀ´Ð´ SGML Îļþ²¢×ª»»Îª groff, LaTeX,
HTML, GNU info, LyX, Óë RTF µÄ¶«Î÷£®³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÐèÒªÏÂÁеŤ¾ß---SGML
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1. groff. Äã±ØÐëʹÓà 1.08 »ò¸üеİ汾£®Äã¿ÉÒÔ´Ó
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu È¡µÃ£®ÔÚ ftp://sun
site.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text ¿ÉÕÒµ½ Linux µÄÖ´Ðеµ£®Äã±ØÐèʹÓà groff
ÈÃÄãµÄ SGML Îļþ²úÉú´¿ÎÄ×Öµµ£® nroff ²»ÐÐ!
2. TeX Óë LaTeX. Õ⼸ºõÔÚÿ¸öµØ·½¶¼ÓУ¬ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔºÁÎÞÀ§ÄѵØÕÒµ½²¢°²×° (ÔÚ
sunsite.unc.edu ¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½ Linux µÄÖ´Ðеµ) µ±È»£¬Èç¹ûÄãÒªÓà LaTeX
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3. flex. lex ¿ÉÄܲ»ÐУ®Äã¿ÉÒÔ´Ó ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu È¡µÃ£®
4. gawk Óë GNU info tools, ÓÃÀ´¸ñʽ»¯ÓëÔ¤ÊÓ info µµ°¸£® ÔÚ
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu, »ò ftp://sun
site.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text ¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½ gawk£¬ »¹ÓÐ ftp://sun
site.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Manual-pagers ¿ÉÕÒµ½ GNU info tools. awk
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5. LyX (Ò»¸ö°ëËù¼û¼´ËùµÃ(quasi-WYSIWYG) µÄ LaTeX ½çÃæ)£¬¿ÉÔÚ
ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr ÕÒµ½£®
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3. <URL:http://www.xs4all.nl/~cg/sgmltools/>
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 4
2.1 °²×°ÈíÌå
°²×°ÓëÉ趨 SGML-Tools ËùÐèµÄ²½ÖèÊÇ£º
1. Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÔÚij´¦½â¿ª sgml-tools-0.99.0.tar.gz µÄѹËõµµ£® Ëü½«²úÉú sgml-
tools-0.99.0 µÄĿ¼£®ÔÚÄÇÀï½â¿ª¶¼Ã»ÓйØϵ£¬Ö»ÊDz»Òª°ÑÀïÃæµÄ¶«Î÷°áÀë sgml-
tools-0.99.0 Ŀ¼¾ÍÐУ®
2. ÔĶÁ INSTALL µµ£¬Ëü°üº¬ÁË°²×°¹ý³ÌµÄϸ½Ú£®
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2.2 ±àÅÅ SGML Îļþ
ÀýÈç˵ÄãÏëÒª±àÅÅÒ»·Ý SGML Îļþ½Ð
foo.sgml£¬ÕâÀïÓÐÒ»·Ý¼ò¶ÌµÄ˵Ã÷ÈçºÎÊä³ö³É²»Í¬µÄ¸ñʽ£®ÍêÕûµÄÑ¡ÏîÁбíÇë²Î¿¼ man
pages£®
2.2.1 ²úÉú´¿ÎÄ×ÖÊä³ö
Èç¹ûÄãÏë²úÉú´¿ÎÄ×Öµµ£¬Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÖ¸Á
% sgml2txt foo.sgml
Çë×¢ÒâÎÒÒѵ÷Õû groff ת»»Îª´¿ÎÄ×ÖÊä³ö£®Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÎÒ½«Ò³Ê×£¬Ò³Â룬±ß¿òµÈÈ¥µô£®
¾¹ýһЩÐÞ¸ÄÄã¿ÉÒÔ´Ó groff µÄÊä³ö²úÉú PostScript Óë DVI ¸ñʽ£¬µ«ÎÒ½¨ÒéÄãÓÃ
LaTeX ±È½ÏºÃ£®
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Ö´ÐÐÕâ¸öÖ¸Á
% sgml2txt -man foo.sgml
2.2.2 ²úÉú LaTeX, DVI »ò PostScript Êä³ö
Òª´Ó SGML Ôʼµµ²úÉú LaTeX Îļþ£¬¾ÍÓãº
% sgml2latex foo.sgml
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£Íû²úÉú PostScript Êä³ö(¾ÓÉ dvips)£¬¿ÉÓà -p Ñ¡Ï
% sgml2latex -p foo.sgml
»òÕßÄã¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÉÏ -d Ñ¡Ïî²úÉú DVI µµ£º
% sgml2latex -d foo.sgml
2.2.3 ²úÉú HTML Êä³ö
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÊä³ö HTML µµ£¬ÓÃÕâÖ¸Á
% sgml2html -img foo.sgml
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 5
Õ⽫²úÉú foo.html, foo-1.html, foo-2.html, µÈµÈ --- ÿһÕÂÒ»¸öµµ°¸£®foo.html
ÊÇÊ×Ò³£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÄãµÄ WWW 䯡õÆ÷¹Û¿´£® È·¶¨ÄãËùÓÐµÄ HTML
µµÔÚͬһĿ¼Ï£¬ÒòΪËüÃÇÊÇÓÃÏà¶ÔµÄ URL ±Ë´Ë²Î¿¼µÄ£® HTML µµµÄͼʾĿ¼ָÏò
$SGMLTOOLSLIB/icons Ëù¶¨ÒåµÄĿ¼£® ÕâЩµµ¶¼Ó¦±»¿½±´µ½×îááµÄλÖÃÉÏ£®$SGMLTOOL
SLIB/ ¶¨ÒåÔÚ SGML ת»»³ÌÐòµÄ×ͷ£®
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà sgml2html ¶øûÓмÓÉÏ -img Ñ¡ÏîµÄ»°£¬²úÉúµÄ HTML Îļþ»á¼ÓÉϵ¼¶ÁÓõÄ
"Previous", "Next", ÒÔ¼° "Table of Contents" ±êÇ©£® Äã¿ÉÒÔ½åÓÉÔÚ $SGMLTOOL
SLIB/rep/html/<filename> ½¨Á¢Ò»¸öµµ°¸ÒԸǹýÕâЩԤÉ裬
²¢ÇÒÒÔÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ»°À´È¡´úËüÃÇ£®¸Ãµµ°¸µÄ¸ñʽÈçÏÂËùʾ£º he following format:
PrevPage: newvalue
NextPage: newvalue
TOC: newvalue
¡õÀýÇë²ÎÔÄ deutsch£®
2.2.4 ²úÉú GNU Info ¸ñʽµÄÊä³ö
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÒª½«ÄãµÄµµ°¸±àÅÅ³É GNU Info ä¯ÀÀ³Ìʽ½ÓÊܵĸñʽ£¬Ö»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÏÂÁÐÖ¸Á
% sgml2info foo.sgml
2.2.5 ²úÉú LyX ¸ñʽµÄÊä³ö
Óû²úÉú LyX ¸ñʽµÄ³ö£¬Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÖ¸Á
% sgml2lyx foo.sgml
2.2.6 ²úÉú RTF ¸ñʽµÄÊä³ö
Èç¹ûÄãÏë²úÉú RTF ¸ñʽµÄÊä³ö£¬Ö´ÐÐÕâ¸öÖ¸Á
% sgml2rtf foo.sgml
Õ⽫»á²úÉú foo.rtf, ÒÔ¼° foo-1.rtf, foo-2.rtf,
µÈµÈµµ°¸---ÎļþµÄÿһ½Ú×Ô³ÉÒ»¸öµµ°¸£®
2.2.7 ¼ì²é SGML Óï·¨
Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÊÇÏë´Ó SGML ת»»ÖÐ×¥³öÄãµÄ´íÎ󣬿ÉÒÔʹÓà sgmlcheck Õâ¸öÖ¸Áî¸å£® ÀýÈ磺
% sgmlcheck foo.sgml
2.3 ISO 8859-1 ×ÖÔª¼¯
ISO 8859-1 (latin1) ×ÖÔª¼¯¿ÉÒÔÓÃÔÚ´¿ÎÄ×Ö LaTeX, HTML, LyX, ÒÔ¼° RTF
Êä³öµÄ¹ú¼Ê×ÖÔª(GNU Info δÀ´¿ÉÄÜÖ§Ô® ISO 8859-1)£® ҪʹÓÃÕâÏÄܵĻ°£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÉÏ
-l Ñ¡Ïî¸ø±àÅÅÖ¸Áî¸å£¬ÀýÈ磺
% sgml2txt -l foo.sgml
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 6
ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚ SGML ÔʼÎļþÖÐʹÓà ISO 8859-1
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angle brackets around it, as so: <tt><foo></tt>.
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 7
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· Use < for a left bracket (<),
· Use > for a right bracket (>),
· Use </ for a left bracket with a slash (</)
· Use $ for a dollar sign ($),
· Use # for a hash (#),
· Use % for a percent (%),
· Use ˜ for a tilde (~),
· Use `` and '' for quotes, or use “ for ", ” for ".
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SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 8
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3.4 ÎļþÄÚÈݸŹÛ
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Annoying little bugs that run on your CPU.
3.8 ¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊѶ
1. QWERTZ ʹÓÃÕßÖ¸Òý¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕâÀïÈ¡µÃ ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/mdw/SGML.
QWERTZ (ÒÔ¼° SGML-Tools) »¹Ö§Ô®ÏñÊÇÊýѧ¹«Ê½£¬±í¸ñ£¬Í¼ÐεÈÐí¶àÌØÐÔ£®
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÓà SGML дһ°ãµÄÎļþ£¬ÎÒ½¨ÒéÄãÓÃÔÀ´µÄ QWERTZ DTD
¶ø²»ÒªÓÃÐ޸ĹýµÄ linuxdoc DTD£¬ ÒòΪÕâÊÇÎÒÌرðÓÃÀ´Ð´ Linux HOWTOs
¼°ÆäËüÀàËÆÎļþÓõģ®
2. Tom Gordon µÄ QWERTZ tools ¿ÉÔÚ´ËÕÒµ½£º ftp://ftp.gmd.de/GMD/sgml.
3. ¸ü¶à¹Øì¶ SGML µÄ×ÊѶ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÂÃæÕâЩÍøÒ³ÕÒµ½£º
· SGML and the Web4
· SGML Web Page5
· Yahoo's SGML Page6
4. James Clark µÄ sgmls ½âÎöÆ÷£¬¼°ááÀ´µÄ nsgmls »¹ÓÐÆäËü¹¤¾ß¿ÉÔÚÕâÕÒµ½£º
ftp://ftp.jclark.com ÒÔ¼° James Clark's WWW Page7 .
5. emacs psgml ¿ÉÔÚ´ËÕÒµ½£º
ftp://ftp.lysator.liu.se/pub/sgml£®Õâ¸ö¹¤¾ßÌṩÐí¶à SGML µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£®
6. Äã¿ÉÒԼĵç×ÓÓʼþµ½ majordomo@via.ecp.fr ÒÔ²ÎÓë SGML-Tools mailing
list£¬ÄÚÈÝд subscribe sgml-tools£® Mailing list µÄµØÖ·ÊÇ sgml-
tools@via.ecp.fr£®
7. ¹Øì¶ LyX µÄ¸ü¶à×ÊѶ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ´ËÕÒµ½£º LyX WWW Page8 . LyX ÊÇÒ»¸ö¸ø LaTeX
Óõĸ߽×ÎÄ×Ö´¦ÀíÆ÷Ç°¶Ë£® ¾ß°ëËù¼û¼´ËùµÃ½çÃ棬»á×Ô¶¯²úÉúÐí¶à LaTeX
µÄÑùʽ¼°¸ñ¾Ö£® ¿ÉÒÔÔö¿ì LaTeX µÄѧϰ¶øÇÒʹ¸´Ôӵĸñ¾Ö±ä¼òµ¥ÇÒÖ±½Ó£®
____________________
4. <URL:http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/SGML/>
5. <URL:http://www.sil.org/sgml/sgml.html>
6. <URL:http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Information_and_Documentation/Data_Formats/SGML/>
7. <URL:http://www.jclark.com>
8. <URL:http://wsiserv.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~ettrich/>
SGML-Tools ʹÓÃ˵Ã÷ÖÐÒë°æ 13
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