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发信人: netiscpu (说不如做), 信区: Linux
标  题: [B] Red Hat Linux Unleashed (31)
发信站: 紫丁香 (Sat Jul 25 04:59:47 1998), 转信

        Other Compilers and Languages Ported to Linux

     _________________________________________________________________

               o Ada
               o FORTRAN
               o Digital Signal Processing
               o Modula-3
               o OGI
               o Eiffel
               o COBOL
               o LISP
               o Scheme
               o Summary

     _________________________________________________________________

   31


   Other Compilers and Languages Ported to Linux


   This chapter gives you a brief introduction to some languages other
   than those that have been assigned whole chapters in this book. You
   will learn details about the following languages and how to get
   packages for them:
     * Ada

     * FORTRAN

     * Digital Signal Processing

     * Modula-3

     * OGI

     * Eiffel

     * COBOL

     * LISP

     * Scheme

   All the packages here have accompanying documentation and "how-to-use"
   instructions for them.

   The list of programming languages covered here is not complete. As
   Linux becomes more and more acceptable in the programming community,
   you will see more languages being ported to Linux.

   Ada


   The Ada programming language was named after Ms. Ada Lovelace, a
   member of the original Ada software development team. Ada is the
   choice of many real-time system software developers and has been
   enhanced significantly for this purpose. Needless to say, some greatly
   enthused individuals have ported this language over to Linux. The Ada
   package is referred to as the GNAT (for GNu Ada Translator). The
   authors therefore appropriately belong to the GNAT project at New York
   University.

   The latest update at the time of this writing was in March 1996. The
   Ada95 standard of the Ada language is covered in this release. The Ada
   for Linux package comes in the following files:
     * gnat-3.03-src.tar.gz

     * gnat-3.03-i486-linux-elf-bin.tar.gz

     * gnat-3.01-linuxaout.tar.gz

     * gnat-3.01-linuxaout.README

   For more information, you can contact the support folks via e-mail at
   gnat-request@cs.nyu.edu. The FTP site at tsx-11.mit.edu has the latest
   information and release of this software in the directory
   /pub/linux/packages/Ada.

   FORTRAN


   The FORTRAN programming language is also ported to Linux. Only
   versions up to FORTRAN 77 have been ported over. There are only
   commercial ports of FORTRAN 90 as of this publication. The package in
   the tsx-11.mit.edu archives under the /pub/linux/packages/fortran
   directory contains the following files:
     * ftnchek-2.7.lsm

     * ftnchek-2.7.tgz

     * libf2c-0.9.lsm

     * libf2c-0.9.tar.gz

     * mpfun-1.0.lsm

     * mpfun-1.0.tar.gz

     * toolpack-1.2.lsm

     * toolpack-1.2.tar.gz

   For a more up-to-date description of the files, check the INDEX file
   in the same directory as the above files. The libf2c-0.9.tar.gz
   contains the functions for converting FORTRAN code to C. Actually, the
   program f2c does a pretty decent job on all my class assignments at
   the university. The output is not idiot-proof, but it does the major
   portion of the job of translation.

   The toolpack files are tools for FORTRAN programmers. Functions
   include printing aids for clean output listings and some sort of lint
   checker. Tools in this package include those for portability testing
   and dynamic programming analysis. All the script files in the toolpack
   are written for the C shell, so you will need to have the tcsh program
   installed on your system.

   You will use at least 510MB of your disk space depending on
   which package you install.

   The mpfun package is a multiple precision (FORTRAN MP) library and
   translator. This package performs multiprecision floating-point
   arithmetic with up to 16 million decimal digits, using advanced,
   recent algorithms and automatic translation from FORTRAN 77 code to
   FORTRAN multi-processor code. The translation is done via directives
   within comment fields.

   Digital Signal Processing


   The ObjectProDSP package is an X Window system, object-oriented tool
   for Digital Signal Processing design development and implementation.
   The package contains the basics for building interactive scientific
   and engineering applications. The package was developed by Paul P.
   Budnik, Jr. (mtnmath@mtnmath.com). The amount of disk space required
   is about 5MB. You can get it from tsx-11.mit.eduarchives in the
   /pub/linux/packages/dsp directory.

   Modula-3


   The Modula-3 language is available from Digital Equipment
   Corporation's research center SRC. Modula-3 is an object-oriented
   language designed for multiprocess, distributed application
   development. Modula-3 resembles Pascal in many ways but is more suited
   for building large applications.

   The key features of the Modula-3 package include a full-blown GUI
   interface, runtime typing, support for multithreaded applications,
   garbage collection, and exception handling. The garbage collection and
   storage reallocation features of the language are of keen interest to
   object-oriented programmers. After all, what frees an objectthe
   portion of the code that created it, or the portion to which the
   object was passed? The garbage collector for removing a large number
   of these problems is built into the language.

   Modula-3 uses threads to process its incoming messages. Unlike other
   X-based applications, where one event queue has to be managed between
   several listening applications, Modula-3 allows the invocation of
   threads to perform message handling. A good example of the usage of
   this feature is the Trestle packagethe interface package to X.
   With Trestle you can create threads to run in the background while
   you're doing other processing.

   You can get Modula-3 from the Internet from the FTP site at:
   tsx-11.mit.edu in the /pub/linux/packages/modula-3 directory.

   OGI


   The OGI Speech Tools version 1.0.1 for Linux are speech data
   manipulation research tools. These tools are primarily used for signal
   manipulation, phonetic, phonemic, and word analysis. This package has
   the capability to build audio databases that can be used to train
   neural networks, with a neural network trainer (NN) also in the
   package. The OGI speech tools were developed at the Center for Spoken
   Language Understanding (CSLU-OGI). You can get more information about
   them from tools@cse.ogi.edu.

   The FTP site for this package is sunsite.unc.edu in the file
   /pub/Linux/apps/sound/ogi-speech.tar.gz or in tsx-11.mit.edu in the
   directory /pub/linux/packages/ogi.

   You need some sort of sound card that is capable of digitizing sound
   under Linux. A good package for digitizing sound would be the Sox
   package.

   If you are into computational linguistics, or are interested in speech
   compression, recognition, or applications of neural networks, this is
   one great research package to check out. The documentation in this
   package consists of man pages, and TeX source. Check ogi-doc-PS.tar.gz
   for TeX documentation in PostScript format. For the document in DVI
   format, try using the file ogi-doc-dvi.tar.gz.

   Eiffel


   Eiffel is a nonproprietary object-oriented language developed by Dr.
   Bertrand Meyer and his colleagues. An excellent reference book for
   Eiffel is Dr. Meyer's Book Object-Oriented Software Construction,
   Prentice Hall, 1988. In 1994, Dr. Meyer's company ported Eiffel to
   Linux.

   The most advertised feature of Eiffel is its capability to reuse code
   without modifications. In conventional C++ and some other
   object-oriented languages, code reuse is still in its infancy. Eiffel
   is a new language primarily written with reuse in mind. Polymorphism,
   garbage collection, dynamic binding, multiple inheritance, and
   templates are built into the language. Even so, Eiffel code is
   interoperable with C and C++.

   The design of Eiffel has been placed in the public domain. The Eiffel
   trademark is owned by the Nonprofit International Consortium for
   Eiffel (NICE). You should really have no fear using this trademark
   because NICE is quite nice about using the Eiffel trademark. The
   official language description is Eiffel: The Language, by Dr. Meyers,
   Prentice Hall, 1992. The formal syntax is included in the 600-plus
   page book along with examples, source code, and application
   guidelines.

   Tower Technologies Corporation is promoting its commercial release of
   Eiffel, called TowerEiffel. Visit the web site at http://www.twr.com.
   This site is a bit slow to get access to at times.

   COBOL


   Though not the preferred choice of "real" systems programmers, COBOL
   is a very widely used language in the business community. Naturally,
   there are ports to Linux in this database-oriented language. A good
   commercial port worth looking into is the ACUCOBOL-85 port by the
   Acucobol, Inc., company. Check the Web site at http://www.acucobol.com
   for more information about COBOL.

   The ACUCOBOL-85 version of COBOL offers programmable hot keys,
   advanced windows capabilities (not X), its own file system, and a
   source = level debugger. Acucobol, Inc., also offers more than 600
   tools to work with the Linux compiler. The COBOL code on Linux is
   portable to other platforms running COBOL-85.

   LISP


   LISP stands for LISt Processing. LISP was developed around 1958 and
   has been used in all areas of computer science research (for example,
   in artificial intelligence), as well as being the basis for products,
   such as emacs and AutoCAD. (Actually, AutoCAD uses AutoLISP, an
   enhanced version of LISP.)

   The Common LISP language interpreter and compiler (clisp) package is
   in the Red Hat Linux distribution. As the name suggests, the package
   contains both an interpreter and a compiler for generating
   machine-executable code. Invoked without arguments, clisp executes a
   read-eval-print loop, in which expressions are read from standard
   input, evaluated by the LISP interpreter, and their results output to
   standard output. When invoked with the -c option, the specified LISP
   files are compiled to a machine-readable code that can be executed
   more efficiently.

   To get more information about the clisp package, type clisp -h at the
   prompt. If you are short of RAM on your machine, specify the amount of
   memory that clisp will use with the -m XXXK option, where XXX is the
   amount of memory to use in kilobytes. The clisp package has support
   for three languages: English, German, and French.

   If you are an emacs user, you will want to use the -I option to make
   clisp ILISP compatible. ILISP is the LISP interface for the emacs
   editor.

   The language implemented conforms to the book by Guy L. Steele Jr.,
   Common LISPThe Language, Digital Press, First edition, 1984.

   Scheme


   Another language closely related to LISP is the Scheme language. A
   Scheme programmer has at his or her disposal the power of C and LISP.
   Scheme allows free data-typing of variables by offering lists, arrays
   of lists, associative lists, and arrays, in addition to the numeric
   and string data types.

   Scheme, like clisp, is available in compiled or interpreted form. You
   can create output files from Scheme using two of three types of
   options: fast, cheap, and algorithmically correct. The fast option
   produces a large executable, the "correct" version has more error
   checking, and the cheap version produces a smaller, though (maybe)
   slower version of the program.

   The interpreted environment produces a rapid development front end
   because there is no edit-compile-run cycle. You simply edit what you
   have changed and reexecute, just like in LISP.

   Several versions of Scheme are available on various sites on the
   Internet:
   bigloo-bin.tar.gz: The Bigloo version, which is the de facto standard
   for Scheme
   bigloo-ELF-bin.tar.gz: The ELF version of the Bigloo version
   scheme2c-bin.tar.gz: The Scheme to C converter libraries for
   converting Scheme code to C code
   scm-bin.tar.gz and slib.tar.gz: The SCM package by Aubrey
   Jaffer(jaffer@ai.mit.edu) contains sockets, I/O, POSIX interfaces, and
   a curses screen-management library
   stk-bin.tar.gz: The Tk compatible library

   Summary


   The number of languages and software packages available for Linux
   continues to grow with Linux's popularity. This chapter has given you
   a snapshot of some of the languages available for Linux. Time and
   space have limited us to introducing in detail only a few of the more
   common languages, such as Fortran, LISP, Scheme and so on. There are,
   however, many more languages which may be ideal for your project. It
   might be worth your while to check out some of these languages and get
   that ideal fit.


--

                              Enjoy Linux!
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※ 修改:．netiscpu 于 Jul 25 05:58:10 修改本文．[FROM: mtlab.hit.edu.cn]
※ 来源:．紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn．[FROM: fengyun.hit.edu.]

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