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发信人: netiscpu (说不如做), 信区: Linux
标 题: [B] Red Hat Linux Unleashed (50)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Sat Jul 25 05:03:30 1998), 转信
Configuring a WWW Site
_________________________________________________________________
o Web Server Software
# Unpacking the Web Files
# Compiling the Web Software
# Configuring the Web Software
# Starting the Web Software
o Setting Up Your Web Site
# HTML Authoring Tools
# Maintaining HTML
o Summary
_________________________________________________________________
50
Configuring a WWW Site
Just about everyone on the planet knows about the World Wide Web. It's
the most talked about aspect of the Internet. With the Web's
popularity, more system users are getting into the game by setting up
their own WWW servers and home pages. There are now sophisticated
packages that act as Web servers for many operating systems. Linux,
based on UNIX, has the software necessary to provide a Web server.
You don't need fancy software to set up a Web site, only a little time
and the correct configuration information. That's what this chapter is
about. We look at how you can set up a World Wide Web server on your
Linux system—whether for friends, your LAN, or the Internet as a
whole.
The major aspect of the Web that attracts users and makes it so
powerful, aside from its multimedia capabilities, is the use of
hyperlinks. A hyperlink lets one mouse click move you from document to
document, site to site, graphic to movie, and so on. All the
instructions of the move are built into the Web code.
There are two main aspects to the World Wide Web: server and client.
Client software, such as Mosaic and Netscape, is probably the most
familiar. However, many different Web client packages other than these
two are also available, some specifically for X or Linux.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: The Red Hat distribution that accompanies this book already
includes the Apache Web server software that is preconfigured on
your Linux system during the installation process. However, this
chapter provides an overview on manually setting up server software
so that you can become more familiar with generic httpd server
configurations.
______________________________________________________________
Web Server Software
There are three primary versions of Web server software that will run
under Linux. They are from NCSA, CERN, and Plexus. The most readily
available system is from NCSA, which also produces Mosaic. NCSA's Web
system is fast and quite small, can run under inetd or as a
stand-alone daemon, and provides pretty good security. For this
chapter, we will use NCSA's Web software, although you can easily use
either of the other two packages instead (although the configuration
information will be different, of course).
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: The Web server software for one of the three is available via
anonymous FTP or WWW from one of the sites listed here, depending
on the type of server software you want:
ERN: ftp//ftp.w3.org/pub/httpd (FTP)
NCSA: ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/web/httpd/unix/ncsa_httpd (FTP)
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu (WWW)
Plexus: ftp://austin.bsdi.com/plexus/2.2.1/dist/Plexus-2.2.1.tar.Z
(WWW).
______________________________________________________________
The NCSA Web software is available for Linux in both compiled and
source code forms. Using the compiled version is much easier because
you don't have to configure and compile the source code for the Linux
platform. The binaries are often provided compressed and tarred, so
you will have to uncompress and then extract the tar library.
Alternatively, many CD-ROMs provide the software ready to go. If you
do obtain the compressed form of the Web server software, follow the
installation or README files to place the Web software in the proper
location.
Unpacking the Web Files
If you have obtained a library of source code or binaries from an FTP
or BBS site, you probably have to untar and uncompress them first.
(Check with any README files, if there are any, before you do this;
otherwise you may be doing this step for nothing.) Usually, you will
proceed by creating a directory for the Web software, and then
changing into it and expanding the library with a command such as
this:
zcat httpd_X.X_XXX.tar.Z | tar xvf -
The software is often named by the release and target platform, such
as httpd_1.5_linux.tar.Z. Use whatever name your tar file has in the
preceding line. Installation instructions are sometimes in a separate
tar file, such as Install.tar.z, which you have to obtain and
uncompress with the command:
zcat Install.tar.z
Make sure you are in the target directory when you issue these
commands, though, or you will have to move a lot of files. You can
place the files anywhere; however, it is often a good idea to create a
special area for the Web software that can have its permissions
controlled, such as /usr/web, var/web, or a similar name.
Once you have extracted the contents of the Web server distribution
and the library files are in their proper directories, you can look at
what has been created automatically. You should find the following
subdirectories:
cgi-bin Common gateway interface binaries and scripts
conf Configuration files
icons Icons for home pages
src Source code and (sometimes) executables
support Support applications
Compiling the Web Software
If you don't have to modify the source and recompile for Linux
(because your software is the Linux version), you can skip the
configuration details mentioned in the rest of this section. On the
other hand, you may want to know what is happening in the source code
anyway, because you can better understand how Linux works with the Web
server code. If you obtained a generic, untailored version of the NCSA
Web server, you have to configure the software.
Begin by editing the src/Makefile file to specify your platform. There
are several variables that you have to check for proper information:
AUX_CFLAGS Uncomment the entry for Linux (identified by comment lines
and symbols, usually).
CC The name of the C compiler (usually cc or gcc).
EXTRA_LIBS Add any extra libraries that need to be linked in (none are
required or Linux).
FLAGS Add any flags you need for linking (none are required for most
Linux linkers).
Finally, look for the CFLAGS variable. Some of the values for CFLAGS
may be set already. The following are valid values for CFLAGS:
-DSECURE_LOGS Prevents CGI scripts from interfering with any log files
written by the server software.
-DMAXIMUM_DNS Provides a more secure resolution system at the cost of
performance.
-DMINIMAL_DNS Doesn't allow reverse name resolution, but speeds up
performance.
-DNO_PASS Prevents multiple children from being spawned.
-DPEM_AUTH Enables PEM/PGP authentication schemes.
-DXBITHACK Provides a service check on the execute bit of an HTML
file.
-O2 Optimizing flag.
It is unlikely that you will need to change any of the flags in the
CFLAGS section, but at least you now know what they do. Once you have
checked the src/Makefile for its contents, you can compile the server
software. Issue the command:
make linux
If you see error messages, check the configuration file carefully. The
most common problem is the wrong platform (or multiple platforms)
selected in the file.
Configuring the Web Software
Once the software is in the proper directories and compiled for your
platform, it's time to configure the system. Begin with the
httpd.conf-dist file. Copy it to the filename httpd.conf, which is
what the server software looks for. This file handles the httpd server
daemon. Before you edit the file, you have to decide whether you will
install the Web server software to run as a daemon, or whether it will
be started by inetd. If you anticipate frequent use, run the software
as a daemon. For occasional use, either is acceptable.
There are several variables in httpd.conf that need to be checked or
have values entered for them. All the variables in the configuration
file follow the syntax:
variable value
with no equals sign or special symbol between the variable name and
the value assigned to it. For example, a few lines would look like
this:
FancyIndexing on
HeaderName Header
ReadmeName README
Where pathnames or filenames are supplied, they are usually relative
to the Web server directory, unless explicitly declared as a full
pathname. You need to supply the following variables in httpd.conf:
AccessConfig The location of the access.conf configuration file. The
default value is conf/access.onf. You can use either absolute or
relative pathnames.
AgentLog The log file to record details of the type and version of
browser used to access your server. The default value is
logs/agent_log.
ErrorLog The name of the file to record errors. The default is
/logs/error_log.
Group The Group ID the server should run as (used only when server is
running as a daemon). Can be either a group name or group ID number.
If a number, it must be preceded by #. The default is #-1.
MaxServers The maximum number of children allowed.
PidFile The file where you want to record the process ID of each httpd
copy. The default is/logs/httpd.pid. Used only when the server is in
daemon mode.
Port Port number httpd should listen to for clients. Default port is
80. If you don't want the Web server generally available, choose
another number.
ResourceConfig The path to the srm.conf file, usually conf/srm.conf.
ServerAdmin E-mail address of the administrator.
ServerName The fully qualified host name of the server.
ServerRoot The path above which users cannot move (usually the Web
server top directory or usr/local/etc/httpd).
ServerType Either stand-alone (daemon) or inetd.
StartServers The number of server processes that are started when the
daemon executes.
TimeOut The amount of time in seconds to wait for a client request,
after which it is disconnected (default is 1800, which should be
reduced).
TransferLog The path to the location of the access log. Default is
logs/access_log.
TypesConfig The path to the location of the MIME configuration file.
Default is conf/mime.conf.
User Defines the user ID the server should run as (only valid if
running as daemon). Can be name or number, but must be preceded by #
if a number. Default is #-1.
The next configuration file to check is srm.conf, which is used to
handle the server resources. The variables that have to be checked or
set in the srm.conf file are as follows:
AccessFileName The file that gives access permissions (default is
.htaccess).
AddDescription Provides a description of a type of file. For example,
an entry could be AddDescription PostScript file *.ps. Multiple
entries are allowed.
AddEncoding Indicates that files with a particular extension are
encoded somehow, such as AddEncoding compress Z. Multiple entries are
allowed.
AddIcon Gives the name of the icon to display for each type of file.
AddIconType Uses MIME type to determine the icon to use.
AddType Overrides MIME definitions for extensions.
Alias Substitutes one pathname for another, such as Alias data
/usr/www/data.
DefaultType The default MIME type, usually text/plain.
DefaultIcon The default icon to use when FancyIndexing is on (default
is /icons/unknown.xbm).
DirectoryIndex Filename to return when the URL is for your service
only. Default value is index.html.
DocumentRoot Absolute path to the HTML document directory. Default is
/usr/local/etc/httpd/htdocs.
FancyIndexing Adds icons and filename information to the file list for
indexing. Default is on. (This option is for backward compatibility
with the first release of HTTP.)
HeaderName The filename used at the top of a list of files being
indexed. Default is Header.
IndexOptions Indexing parameters (including FancyIndexing,
IconsAreLinks, ScanHTMLTitles, SuppressLastModified, SuppressSize, and
SuppressDescription).
ReadmeName The footer file is displayed with directory indexes.
Default is README.
Redirect Maps a path to another URL.
ScriptAlias Similar to Alias but for scripts.
UserDir Directory users can use this for httpd access. Default is
public_html. Usually set to a user's home page directory. Can be set
to DISABLED.
The third file to examine and modify is access.conf-dist, which
defines the services available to WWW browsers. Usually, everything is
accessible to a browser, but you may want to modify the file to
tighten security or disable some services not supported on your Web
site. The format of the conf-dist file is different than the two
preceding configuration files. It uses a set of "sectioning
directives" delineated by angle brackets. The general format of an
entry is
<Directory Dir_Name>
...
</Directory>
and anything between the beginning and ending delimiters (<Directory>
and </Directory>, respectively) are directives. It's not quite that
easy, because there are several variations that can exist in the file.
The best way to customize the access.conf-dist file is to follow these
steps for a typical Web server installation:
1. Locate the Options directive and remove the Indexes option. This
prevents users from browsing the httpd directory. Valid Options
entries are discussed shortly.
2. Locate the first Directory directive and check the path to the
cgi-bin directory. The default path is
/usr/local/etc/httpd/cgi-bin.
3. Find the AllowOverride variable and set it to None (this prevents
others from changing the settings). The default is All. Valid
values for the AllowOverride variable are discussed shortly.
4. Find the Limit directive and set to whichever value you want.
The Limit directive controls access to your server. The following are
valid values for the Limit directive:
allow Allows specific host names following the allow keyword to
access the service.
deny Denies specific host names following the deny keyword from
accessing the service.
order Specifies the order in which allow and deny directives are
evaluated (usually set to deny,allow but can also be
allow,deny).
require Requires authentication through a user file specified in
the AuthUserFile entry.
The Options directive can have several entries, all of which have a
different purpose. The default entry for Options is
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
You removed the Indexes entry from the Options directive in the first
step of the preceding customization procedure. These entries all apply
to the directory the Options field appears in. The valid entries for
the Options directive are:
All All features enabled.
ExecCGI cgi scripts can be executed from this directory.
FollowSymLinks Allows httpd to follow symbolic links.
Includes Include files for the server are enabled.
IncludesNoExec Include files for the server are enabled but the exec
option is disabled.
Indexes Enables users to retrieve server-generated indexes (doesn't
affect precompiled indexes).
None No features enabled.
SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Follows symbolic links only if the user ID of the
symbolic link matches the user ID of the file.
The AllowOverride variable is set to All by default, and this should
be changed. There are several valid values for AllowOverride, but the
recommended setting for most Linux systems is None. The valid values
for AllowOverride are as follows:
All Access controlled by a configuration file in each directory.
AuthConfig Enables some authentication routines. Valid values:
AuthName (sets authorization name of directory); AuthType (sets
authorization type of the directory, although there is only one legal
value: Basic); AuthUserFile (specifies a file containing user names
and passwords); and AuthGroupFile (specifies a file containing group
names).
FileInfo Enables AddType and AddEncoding directives.
Limit Enables Limit directive.
None No access files allowed.
Options Enables Options directive.
After all that, the configuration files should be properly set. While
the syntax is a little confusing, reading the default values shows you
the proper format to use when changing entries. Next, you can start
the Web server software.
Starting the Web Software
With the configuration complete, it's time to try out the Web server
software. In the configuration files, you made a decision as to
whether the Web software will run as a daemon (stand-alone) or will
start from inetd. The startup procedure is a little different for each
method (as you would expect), but both startup procedures can use one
of the following three options on the command line:
-d The absolute path to the root directory of the server files (used
only if the default location is not valid).
-f The configuration file to read if not the default value of
httpd.conf.
-v Displays the version number.
If you are using inetd to start your Web server software, you need to
make a change to the etc/services file to permit the Web software. Add
a line similar to this to the /etc/services file:
http port/tcp
where port is the port number used by your Web server software
(usually 80).
Next, modify the /etc/inetd.conf file to include the startup commands
for the Web server where the last entry is the path to the httpd
binary:
httpd stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/web/httpd
Once this is done, restart inetd by killing and restarting the inetd
process or by rebooting your system, and the service should be
available through whatever port you specified in /etc/services.
If you are running the Web server software as a daemon, you can start
it at any time from the command line with the command:
httpd &
Even better, add the startup commands to the proper rc startup files.
The entry usually looks like this:
# start httpd
if [ -x /usr/web/httpd ]
then
/usr/web/httpd
fi
substituting the proper paths for the httpd binary, of course.
Rebooting your machine should start the Web server software on the
default port number.
To test the Web server software, use any Web browser and type in the
URL field:
http://machinename
where machinename is the name of your Web server. If you see the
contents of the root Web directory or the index.html file, all is
well. Otherwise, check the log files and configuration files for clues
as to the problem.
If you haven't installed a Web browser yet, you can still check to see
if the Web server is running by using telnet. Issue a command like
this, substituting the name of your server (and your Web port number
if different than 80):
telnet www.wizard.tpci.com 80
You should get a message similar to this if the Web server is
responding properly:
Connected to wizard.tpci.com
Escape character is '^]'.
HEAD/HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
You'll also see some more lines showing details about the date and
content. You may not be able to access anything, but this shows that
the Web software is responding properly.
Setting Up Your Web Site
Having a server with nothing for content is useless, so you need to
set up the information you will share through your Web system. This
begins with Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), which are an address to
file locations. Anyone using your service only has to know the URL.
You don't need to have anything fancy. If you don't have a special
home page, anyone connecting to your system will get the contents of
the Web root directory's index.html file, or failing that, a directory
listing of the Web root directory. That's pretty boring, though, and
most users want fancy home pages. To write a home page, you need to
use HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
A home page is like a main menu. Many users may not ever see it
because they can enter into any of the subdirectories on your system,
or obtain files from another Web system through a hyperlink, without
ever seeing your home page. However, many users want to start at the
top, and that's where your home page comes in. A home page file is
usually called index.html. It is usually at the top of your Web source
directories.
Writing an HTML document is not too difficult. The language uses a set
of tags to indicate how the text is to be treated (such as headlines,
body text, figures, and so on). The tricky part of HTML is getting the
tags in the right place, without extra material on a line. HTML is
rather strict about its syntax, so errors must be avoided to prevent
problems.
In the early days of the Web, all documents were written with simple
text editors. As the Web expanded, dedicated Web editors that
understand HTML and the use of tags began to appear. Their popularity
has driven developers to produce dozens of editors, filters, and
utilities—all aimed at making a Web documenter's life easier (as
well as to ensure that the HTML language is properly used). There are
HTML editors for many operating systems.
HTML Authoring Tools
You can write HTML documents in many ways: You can use an ASCII
editor, a word processor, or a dedicated HTML tool. The choice of
which method you use depends on personal preference and your
confidence in HTML coding, as well as which tools you can easily
obtain. Because many HTML-specific tools have checking routines or
filters to verify that your documents are correctly laid out and
formatted, they can be appealing. They also tend to be more friendly
than non-HTML editors. On the other hand, if you are a veteran
programmer or writer, you may want to stick with your favorite editor
and use a filter or syntax checker afterward.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: One of the best sites to look for new editors and filters is
http://www.ncsaa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/FAQ-Software.htm
l which contains an up-to-date list of offerings.
______________________________________________________________
You can use any ASCII editor to write HTML pages, including simple
screen-oriented editors based on vi or emacs. They all enable you to
enter tags into a page of text, but the tags are treated as words with
no special meaning. There is no validity checking performed by simple
editors, because they simply don't understand HTML. There are some
extensions for emacs and similar full-screen editors that provide a
simple template check, but they are not rigorous in enforcing HTML
styles.
If you wish to use a plain editor, you should carefully check your
document for the valid use of tags. One of the easiest methods of
checking a document is to import it into an HTML editor that has
strong HTML tag checking. Another easy method is to simply call up the
document on your Web browser and carefully study its appearance.
You can obtain a dedicated HTML authoring package from some sites,
although they are not as common for Linux as for DOS and Windows. If
you are running both operating systems, you can always develop your
HTML documents in Windows, and then import them to Linux. There are
several popular HTML tools for Windows, such as HTML Assistant,
HTMLed, and HoTMetaL. A few of the WYSIWYG editors are also available
for X, and hence run under Linux, such as HoTMetaL. Some HTML
authoring tools are fully WYSIWYG, while others are character-based.
Most offer strong verification systems for generated HTML code.
An alternative to using a dedicated editor for HTML documents is to
enhance an existing WYSIWYG word processor to handle HTML properly.
The most commonly targeted word processor for these extensions is Word
for Windows, WordPerfect, and Word for DOS. Several extension products
are available in varying degrees of complexity. Most run under
Windows; although a few have been ported to Linux.
The advantage to using one of these extensions is that you retain a
familiar editor and make use of the near-WYSIWYG features it can
provide for HTML documents. Although it can't show you the final
document in Web format, it can be close enough to prevent all but the
most minor problems.
CU_HTML is a template for Microsoft's Word for Windows that gives a
very-near-to WYSIWYG view of HTML documents. Graphically, CU_HTML
looks much the same as Word, but with a new toolbar and pull-down menu
item. CU_HTML provides a number of different styles and a toolbar of
oft-used tasks. Tasks such as linking documents are easy, as are most
tasks that tend to worry new HTML document writers. Dialog boxes are
used for many tasks, simplifying the interface considerably.
The only major disadvantage to CU_HTML is that it can't be used to
edit existing HTML documents if they are not in Word format. When
CU_HTML creates an HTML document, there are two versions produced, one
in HTML and the other as a Word DOC file. Without both, the document
can't be edited. An existing document can be imported, but it loses
all the tags.
Like CU_HTML, ANT_HTML is an extension to Word. There are some
advantages and disadvantages of ANT_HTML over CU_HTML. The
documentation and help is better with ANT_HTML, and the toolbar is
much better. It also has automatic insertion of opening and closing
tags as needed.
One system that has gained popularity among Linux users is tkWWW.
tkWWW is a tool for the Tcl language and its Tk extension for X. tkWWW
is a combination of a Web browser and a near-WYSIWYG HTML editor.
Although originally UNIX based, tkWWW has been ported to several other
platforms, including Windows and Macintosh.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: tkWWW can be obtained through anonymous FTP to
harbor.ecn.purdue.edu in the directory /pub/tcl/extensions. Copies
of Tcl and Tk can be found in several sites depending on the
platform required, although most distributions of Linux have Tcl
and Tk included in the distribution set. As a starting point, try
anonymous FTP to ftp.aud.alcatel.com in the directory
tcl/extensions.
______________________________________________________________
When you create a Web page with tkWWW in editor mode, you can then
flip modes to browser to see the same page properly formatted. In
editor mode, most of the formatting is correct, but the tags are left
visible. This makes for fast development of a Web page.
Unfortunately, tkWWW must rely on Tk for its windowing, which tends to
slow things down a bit on average processors. Also, the browser aspect
of tkWWW is not impressive, using standard Tk frames. However, as a
prototyping tool, tkWWW is very attractive, especially if you know the
Tcl language.
Another option is to use an HTML filter. HTML filters are tools that
let you take a document produced with any kind of editor (including
ASCII text editors) and convert the document to HTML. Filters are
useful when you work in an editor that has its own proprietary format,
such as Word.
HTML filters are attractive if you want to continue working in your
favorite editor and simply want a utility to convert your document
with tags to HTML. Filters tend to be fast and easy to work with,
because they take a filename as input and generate an HTML output
file. The degree of error checking and reporting varies with the tool.
There are filters available for most types of documents, many of which
are available directly for Linux, or as source code that can be
recompiled without modification under Linux. Word for Windows and Word
for DOS documents can be converted to HTML with the CU_HTML and
ANT_HTML extensions mentioned earlier. A few stand-alone conversion
utilities have also begun to appear. The utility WPTOHTML converts
WordPerfect documents to HTML. WPTOHTML is a set of macros for
WordPerfect versions 5.1 and 6.0. The WordPerfect filter can also be
used with other word processor formats that WordPerfect can import.
FrameMaker and FrameBuilder documents can be converted to HTML format
with the tool FM2HTML. FM2HTML is a set of scripts that converts Frame
documents to HTML, while preserving hypertext links and tables. It
also handles GIF files without a problem. Because Frame documents are
platform independent, Frame documents developed on a PC or Macintosh
could be moved to the Linux platform and FM2HTML executed there.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: A copy of FM2HTML is available by anonymous FTP from
bang.nta.no in the directory /pub. The UNIX set is called
fm2html.tar.v.0.n.m.Z.
______________________________________________________________
LaTeX and TeX files can be converted to HTML with several different
utilities. There are quite a few Linux-based utilities available,
including LATEXTOHTML, which can even handle inline LaTeX equations
and links. For simpler documents, the utility VULCANIZE is faster but
can't handle mathematical equations. Both LATEXTOHTML and VULCANIZE
are Perl scripts.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: LATEXTOHTML is available through anonymous FTP from
ftp.tex.ac.uk in the directory pub/archive/support as the file
latextohtml. VULCANIZE can be obtained from the Web site
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~mjd/vulcanize.html.
______________________________________________________________
RTFTOHTML is a common utility for converting RTF format documents to
HTML. Many word processors handle RTF formats, so an RTF document can
be saved from your favorite word processor and then RTFTOHTML run to
convert the files.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: RTFTOHTML is available through
http:\\www.w3.org/hypertext/www/tools/rtftohtml-2.6.html.
______________________________________________________________
Maintaining HTML
Once you have written a Web document and it is available to the world,
your job doesn't end. Unless your document is a simple text file, you
will have links to other documents or Web servers embedded. These
links must be verified at regular intervals. Also, the integrity of
your Web pages should be checked at intervals, to ensure that the flow
of the document from your home page is correct.
There are several utilities available to help you check links and also
to scan the Web for other sites or documents you may want to provide a
hyperlink to. These utilities tend to go by a number of names, such as
robot, spider, or wanderer. They are all programs that move across the
Web automatically, creating a list of Web links that you can access.
(Spiders are similar to the Archie and Veronica tools for the
Internet, although neither of these cover the Web.)
Although they are often thought of as utilities for users only (to get
a list of sites to try), spiders and their kin are useful for document
authors, too, because they show potentially useful and interesting
links. One of the best known spiders is the World Wide Web Worm, or
WWWW. WWWW enables you to search for keywords or create a Boolean
search, and can cover titles, documents, and several other search
types (including a search of all known HTML pages).
A similarly useful spider is WebCrawler, which is similar to WWWW
except it can scan entire documents for matches of any keywords. It
displays the result in an ordered list from closest match to least
likely match.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: A copy of World Wide Web Worm can be obtained from
http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html.
WebCrawler is available from
http://www.biotech.washington.edu/WebCrawler/WebCrawler.html.
______________________________________________________________
A common problem with HTML documents as they age is that links that
point to files or servers may no longer exist (because either the
locations or the documents have changed). It is therefore good
practice to validate the hyperlinks in a document on a regular basis.
A popular hyperlink analyzer is HTML_ANALYZER. It examines each
hyperlink and the contents of the hyperlink to ensure that they are
consistent. HTML_ANALYZER functions by examining a document for all
links, and then creating a text file that has a list of the links in
it. HTML_ANALYZER uses the text files to compare the actual link
content to what it should be.
HTML_ANALYZER actually does three tests: It validates the availability
of the documents pointed to by hyperlinks (called validation); it
looks for hyperlink contents that occur in the database but are not
themselves hyperlinks (called completeness); and it looks for a
one-to-one relation between hyperlinks and the contents of the
hyperlink (called consistency). Any deviations are listed for the
user.
HTML_ANALYZER users should have a good familiarity with HTML, their
operating system, and the use of command-line driven analyzers. The
tool must be compiled using the make utility prior to execution. There
are several directories that must be created prior to running
HTML_ANALYZER, and when it runs, it creates several temporary files
when that are not cleaned up, so this is not a good utility for a
novice.
Summary
Setting up your home page requires you to either use an HTML authoring
tool or write HTML code directly into an editor. The HTML language is
beyond the scope of this book, but you should find several good guides
to HTML at your bookstore. HTML is rather easy to learn. With the
information in this chapter, you should be able to set up your Web
site to enable anyone on the Internet to connect to you. Enjoy the
Web!
--
Enjoy Linux!
-----It's FREE!-----
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