Linux 版 (精华区)
发信人: netiscpu (说不如做), 信区: Linux
标 题: [B] Red Hat Linux Unleashed (60)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Sat Jul 25 05:05:15 1998), 转信
Linux Games
_________________________________________________________________
o Which Games Have You Installed?
o X Games
# Games in the fvwm Root Menu
# X Games Not in the Menus
# Spider (Small and Large)
# GNU Chess
# Xtetris
# Xlander
# Ico
# Maze
# Xeyes
# Xlogo
# Xhextris
# Minesweeper
# Xpaint
o Character-Based Games
# A Summary of Games in /usr/games
# Text Adventure Games
@ Battlestar
@ Paranoia
@ Wump
# Word Games
@ Boggle
@ Hangman
# Card Games
@ Canfield
@ Cribbage
@ Go Fish
# Board Games
@ Backgammon
@ Chess
@ Mille Miglia
@ Monopoly
# Simulations
@ Air Traffic Control
@ Trek
# Video Games
@ Robots
@ Tetris
@ Worm
# Math Games and Utilities
@ Arithmetic
@ BCD Punch Card Code, Morse Code, Paper Tape
Punch Code
@ Factor
@ Primes
# Other Thinking Games
@ Sokoban
@ DOOM
@ Conquest
# Miscellaneous Demos and Utilities
@ Caesar
@ Fortune
@ Number
@ Rain
@ Worms
o Summary
_________________________________________________________________
60
Linux Games
A variety of games comes with Linux. The games can be roughly divided
between those that require the X Window system to run and those that
will run in plain text mode. In this chapter, you will learn about
both types. The chapter provides a reasonably complete list of both X-
and character-based games.
This is the final chapter in the book. We decided to save the most fun
and addictive Linux programs for last!
Which Games Have You Installed?
The games listed in this chapter come in several different
installation packages, so you might not have one or more of these
games on your system. For instance, the graphical version of Tetris,
GNU Chess, and Xfractint are each installed separately.
If one of the listed games sounds intriguing, you might want to
install it if you haven't done so already.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: Many more games are available from Internet sites.
______________________________________________________________
X Games
The following games require X Window to run.
As X Window is a graphical, windowing environment, you might guess
that X games are graphically oriented. You would be right! Almost all
of the following games use color and bitmapped graphics. Often, you
can specify the palette of colors the game will use.
However, you should keep in mind the following:
* Arcade games, and home video game systems, have dedicated hardware
that is designed specifically for running games. X Window is a
generic environment. Even today's powerful personal computers
can't match the speed and smoothness of movement of a game
machine.
* Games work your hardware and operating system software harder than
any other application. For best performance, games are often
programmed to run "close to the edge" and do various software and
hardware tricks. You might find that one or more of these games
will crash your system or have strange side effects.
* The X games that come with Linux are personal efforts. The
individuals who wrote the games, and allowed free distribution,
appreciate suggestions and help in further development. Don't hold
these games to commercial standards—they are not commercial
products.
* The Red Hat version on the CD-ROM will let you install two types
games. The "Y" set contains the BSD games collection and the other
set "XAP" contains the games with X Window support. Install both
versions and then remove the ones you don't like.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: It's tempting to put new games in /usr/games, though the most
common area for user installed games is in /usr/local/games. The
/usr/games directory is usually reserved for games that come with
the system.
______________________________________________________________
Following is a discussion of the X games you should find on your
system. Keep in mind that installation differences might mean that you
have more or fewer games.
Games in the fvwm Root Menu
If you use the X display manager fvwm, the fvwm Root menu (usually
accessed by holding down the left mouse button while the cursor is in
the root screen area) has a Games submenu choice. If you use a
different window manager, such as Motif, your menus will be
correspondingly different.
The menu choices are listed here. Some of the games they start are
described in detail later in this chapter.
The Games menu features the following entries:
* Hextris
* Xbill
* Chess (GNU Chess)
* Xchomp
* Minesweeper
* Backgammon
* Xjewel
* Xlander
* Xsnow
* Tetris (Xtetris)
* Trojka
X Games Not in the Menus
The following games can be started by typing the appropriate command
at the Linux prompt in a command-line window. These, and any other
games you may install, can be added to the Games menu if you desire.
See Chapter 21, "Installing X Window on Linux," for more information.
* Spider
* Xboing
* Xpaint
* Xcannon
* Xgal
* Xcurling
* attraction
* Xsnooker
* Xcarrom
* Xpool
* Xhockey
* hopalong
* Xdino
* Xevil
Look in the /usr/x11/bin directory for still more games not listed
here.
Spider (Small and Large)
This is double-deck solitaire. To see this game's man page, type man
spider. To start this game, type spider in a command-line window.
This game requires a fair bit of thought, planning, and skill. The aim
is to arrange cards of the same suit in descending order. You can
also, however, have cards of different suits arranged in descending
order. Sometimes this can help you immediately, but hinder you in the
long run! Note that, if you do have two or more consecutive cards of
the same suit, the cards will move as a group. Spider is challenging;
don't try to play it just to pass the time!
GNU Chess
This is a graphical version of GNU Chess that uses the xboard display
system.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: Running GNU Chess under xboard is very resource-intensive. It
may crash your system.
Adding more swap space may correct an agonizingly long response
time. Do not worry, it's not your system, it's GNU Chess.
______________________________________________________________
Xtetris
If you've never been hooked on Tetris, here's your chance. This is a
nice X implementation of a game that always seems to suffer when taken
from the video arcade and placed on a home computer.
To see this game's man page, type man xtetris.
To start this game, type xtetris in a command-line window.
The colors are nicely done, and the movement is relatively smooth.
However, if you're used to the arcade version of Tetris, watch out for
the following:
* Left and right arrow keys move from side to side; up and down
arrow keys rotate clockwise and counterclockwise. Most people have
a preferred direction of rotation for the pieces; experiment to
find out which way is right for you.
* The spacebar, as is usual on home-computer implementation,
slam-dunks the piece to the bottom rather than just hauling it
down faster.
* The colors of the pieces, though attractive, are sometimes
confusing. For instance, the L-shaped piece that is yellow in the
arcade version is purple in xtetris, and the L-shaped piece that
is purple in the arcade version is light blue in xtetris. Again,
very confusing if you're used to the arcade version.
The purpose of the game? Arrange the pieces so they interlock without
gaps. As soon as you create a (horizontal) row that's completely
filled, it vaporizes. This is good, because when the pieces stack up
to the top, the game is over. (Pity the Cossack doesn't come out and
tap his feet when things start to get a little out of control.)
Xlander
This is an update of the old arcade game, Lunar Lander. You get a
bird's-eye view from the window of your lunar lander. By operating the
main and directional thruster engines, you attempt to touch down
softly on the landing pad. If things go wrong, instead of a bird's-eye
view, you get a meteorite's-eye view!
To see this game's man page, type man xlander.
To start this game, type xlander in a command-line window.
You may have problems getting the game to respond to your keyboard
input. In that case, the moon's surface is only a short plummet away.
Ico
Ico sets a polyhedron (a solid, multisided geometric shape) bouncing
around your screen. Depending on the options specified, this
three-dimensional polygon can occupy its own window or use the entire
root window.
To see this game's man page, type man ico. It can be started from the
command line (within X Window) by typing ico. In fact, you should
start it from the command line because of the options available. If
you start it from the Demo/Gadgets menu, you will only get a wireframe
polygon in its own, small window.
One interesting option you can use from the command line is -colors.
If you specify more than one color, you get a multicolored polyhedron,
with each face a different color.
With the -colors option, you must type in the colors to be used in the
following format: rgb:<red intensity>/<green intensity>/<blue
intensity>. The intensities have to be specified in hexadecimal
notation; 000 is the lowest value and fff is the highest. For example,
the complete command might be
ico -colors rgb:000/888/fff rgb:e00/400/b80 rgb:123/789/def
This program is fairly resource-intensive and might slow down your
system.
Maze
This draws a maze, and then solves it. There is no way you can solve
it for yourself. Maze is a demo, not a game. On a fast system, it
solves it too quickly to follow!
Xeyes
Not really a game, but cute anyway. Whenever you start Xeyes, you get
a large pair of bodiless eyes that follow your cursor's movements.
Running four or five copies of Xeyes at once gives your system a
surrealistic touch.
To see this game's man page, type man xeyes.
To start this game, type xeyes in a command-line window.
Xlogo
This displays the official X logo.
Xhextris
This is a version of Tetris that uses pieces made up of hexagons. To
start the game, type xhextris on an X Window command line. No man page
is available.
Minesweeper
You are given a large grid. Some of the squares contain mines. Your
job is to flag all of the mines.
This game is started by typing xdemineur at the Linux prompt in a
command-line window.
Starting Minesweeper brings up the playing field, which is a dark gray
grid, and a Score window.
You uncover a square by clicking on it with the left mouse button. If
you uncover a mine, you are blown up and the game is over!
It's more likely, though, that you will either uncover a number or
open up several light gray, blank squares (with no numbers or mines).
The number tells you how many mines are found adjacent to that square,
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. For example, a "1" means
there is only one mine adjacent to that square. If you've already
determined the location of one mine adjacent to a "1" square, then
it's safe to uncover all other squares next to the "1" square because
they can't possibly contain a mine! In this fashion, you try to deduce
the location of the mines. If you happen to uncover a square that has
no number (and therefore no mines next to it), the game will
automatically uncover the entire numberless area and its border.
When you think you've located a mine, you "sweep" or mark it by
clicking on it with the right mouse button (if you click the left
button accidentally, and there is indeed a mine there, the game is
over). The right button toggles on and off a flag marker. Note that
the game does not tell you whether you have correctly placed the flag.
You will soon discover that certain patterns of numbers let you place
a mine without any doubt; other times, you have to make an educated
guess.
Of course, sometimes you miscalculate and blow up. To restart the
game, click with either mouse button in the Score window. If you
complete the game successfully, your time will be recorded.
Xpaint
This is a color drawing-and-painting program. Start it from the Linux
prompt in a command-line window by typing xpaint. A Tool menu will
appear. Start a new canvas from the File menu. The Tool menu holds
your drawing and painting implements (brushes, pencils, spray cans,
and so on); the palette of colors and patterns is found underneath the
canvas.
To see the man page, type man xpaint.
Character-Based Games
There is a long history of games being written for the UNIX operating
system. Your Linux /usr/games directory contains a number of these
games, from various time periods.
Many of these games were written before color, bitmapped windowing
systems became common. Most of the games in /usr/games (except for
Tetris, for instance) are character-based. This means that graphics
(if there are any!) are displayed on your screen using standard screen
characters: A, *, |, x, and so on. In addition, all input is from the
keyboard.
An advantage of character-based games is that they do not require a
graphical or windowing environment to run. A monochrome display is
fine.
The character-based nature of some games, such as Hangman or Bog
(Boggle), takes nothing away from the play; you don't really wish for
fancy color graphics when playing them. Other character-based games
might strike you as interesting historical curiosities: they show you
what their ingenious programmers could manage with such a simple
display system, but clearly would be better served by color graphics.
A Summary of Games in /usr/games
The games found in /usr/games can be roughly categorized into the
following types:
* Text adventure: Battlestar; Paranoia; Wump
* Word games: Bog (Boggle); Hangman
* Card games: Canfield; Cribbage; Go Fish
* Board games: Backgammon; GNU Chess; Mille Miglia; Monop (Monopoly)
* Simulations: ATC (air traffic control); Trek
* Character-based "video" games: Robots, Snake, Tetris, Worm
* Math games/utilities: arithmetic; bcd, Morse, and ppt; Factor;
Primes
* Full graphics games: DOOM
* Miscellaneous demos and utilities: Caesar; Fortune; Number; Rain;
and Worms
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: Two of the more interesting character-based games, Rogue and
Hack, do not come with the Linux distribution. These games use the
screen to display the rooms and corridors of a dungeon. You (and,
in Hack, your trusty dog) move around the dungeon, mapping out the
corridors, entering the rooms (be careful when you explore dark,
unlit rooms), picking up treasure and magical items—and, last
but not least, fighting monsters (or running from them!). After you
have fully explored the level you're on, you can descend to a
lower, more difficult level.
Every time you run Hack or Rogue, the dungeons are different. Every
monster has different fighting skills, and some monsters have
special talents. The magical items, which include rings, wands,
scrolls, and potions, have a variety of effects. Some of the items
you find, such as armor, might be enchanted or magically enhanced;
but if you find a cursed item, you may have been better off not
picking it up at all!
Both Rogue and Hack have their enthusiasts, but Hack is a later,
more elaborate version that is generally preferred. If you come
across either game on the Internet, pick it up and try it! There
are also versions of Hack available for MS-DOS-based computers.
______________________________________________________________
Text Adventure Games
These games follow the classic text-based formula: the system informs
you that "you are in a maze of small twisty passages, all alike" or
something similar; you type in your actions as go forward, east, take
sword, and so on. If you like solving puzzles, these games will appeal
to you. With text-based games, the adventure follows a defined path,
and your responses are usually limited.
The following example is the start of the text-based game Battlestar,
which you will learn about in the next section. Your commands are
typed at the >-: prompt:
Version 4.2, fall 1984.
First Adventure game written by His Lordship, the honorable
Admiral D.W. Riggle
This is a luxurious stateroom.
The floor is carpeted with a soft animal fur and the great wooden furniture
is inlaid with strips of platinum and gold. Electronic equipment built
into the walls and ceiling is flashing wildly. The floor shudders and
the sounds of dull explosions rumble though the room. From a window in
the wall ahead comes a view of darkest space. There is a small adjoining
room behind you, and a doorway right.
>-: right
These are the executive suites of the battlestar.
Luxurious staterooms carpeted with crushed velvet and adorned with beaten
gold open onto this parlor. A wide staircase with ivory banisters leads
up or down. This parlor leads into a hallway left. The bridal suite is right.
Other rooms lie ahead and behind you.
>-: up
You are at the entrance to the dining hall.
A wide staircase with ebony banisters leads down here.
The dining hall is to the ahead.
>-: quit
Your rating was novice.
Battlestar
Type battlestar at the command prompt. A sample session is shown in
the code in the previous section. A man page is available by typing
man battlestar.
Paranoia
Type paranoia at the command prompt. In this humorous game, you play a
secret agent on a desperate mission. Unlike most text-based adventure
games, Paranoia lets you choose your actions from a menu. This is
useful if you hate having to find a command that the game will
understand. There is no man page for Paranoia.
Wump
Type wump at the command prompt. You are out hunting the Wumpus, armed
with some custom arrows and relying on your wit and sense of smell.
When you start the game, you are given the choice of seeing the
instructions.
Type man wump to see the man page.
Word Games
The following two games are versions of popular word-finding and
word-guessing games.
Boggle
Type bog at the command prompt. This is a version of the Parker
Brothers game Boggle Deluxe. You are given a 5�5 grid of letters. In
the allotted time of three minutes, you type in words made up from the
given letters. By default, you must use letters that adjoin
horizontally, vertically, and diagonally, without reusing any letters.
Plurals and different tenses count as different words—for
instance, "use," "uses," "used," and "user" are all allowed in your
word list. This follows the official Boggle rules. You can change
these defaults, if you want.
At the end, the computer displays the list of words which it found.
You can never beat the computer, because it only allows you to type in
real words. You will discover that the Boggle dictionary has some odd
omissions; this can be annoying, but it isn't very serious.
This game works well without color graphics, although the small size
of the letter grid makes your eyes blur after a while.
Hangman
Type hangman at the command prompt. You won't miss the color graphics.
The game is self-explanatory, but just in case, a man page is
available; type man hangman. Hangman picks its words at random;
sometimes the choices seem quite impossible to guess.
Card Games
Because of the lack of graphics, the following games are not as
successful as the character-based word games.
Canfield
Type canfield at the command prompt. This is a version of solitaire. A
man page is available by typing man canfield. This game does not have
the time-wasting potential of graphics and mouse-based solitaire
games.
Cribbage
Type cribbage at the command prompt. If you're a cribbage fan, this
game is for you. A man page is available by typing man cribbage.
Go Fish
Type fish at the command prompt. It's you against the computer at Go
Fish. A man page is available by typing man fish. One confusing aspect
is that sometimes several actions are displayed all together on the
screen (for instance, you have to go fish, the computer has to go
fish, and it's back to you, all in one block).
Board Games
These are character-based versions of board games. The play quality is
variable; Backgammon is probably the best of the lot.
Backgammon
Type backgammon at the command prompt; or, for an easy-to-follow
tutorial on how to play Backgammon, type teachgammon. These games
don't suffer from lack of graphics, but the lack of a pointing device
such as a mouse means that specifying your moves is a cumbersome task,
requiring entries such as 8-12,4-5. Typing ? at the game prompt gives
you help on entering your moves.
Typing man backgammon will give you the manual entry for both
Backgammon and Teachgammon.
Chess
Several chess and chess-related programs come in the GNU Chess
package. Type gnuchess at the prompt to play chess against the
computer. There is an analysis program, gnuan. The game utility prints
the chessboard position to a PostScript printer or file.
Enter your moves using standard algebraic notation—for instance,
e2-4.
This is an elaborate package; you should start by reading the man
page.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: There seem to be some problems with startup messages
overwriting parts of the chessboard.
______________________________________________________________
Mille Miglia
Type mille at the command prompt. This is the Linux version of a
Parker Brothers racing game. You should read the man page before
starting, because the game's commands are not very intuitive. To see
the man page, type man mille.
Monopoly
Type monop at the command prompt. This is a character-based version of
the Parker Brothers game Monopoly. The computer does not actually
play; it simply keeps track of who owns what and how much money each
player has. You can play by yourself, but it's pretty obvious that you
will, eventually, win! Unfortunately, the board is not displayed in
any form, making it quite difficult to keep track of what's happening.
This is an interesting effort, but the play is poor. A man page is
available.
Simulations
The following games let you try your hand at being in charge. They are
open-ended, in that each game is different and does not follow a
canned plot. They combine character graphics, for instance, a radar
display, with text readouts and text-based commands.
Air Traffic Control
Type atc at the command prompt. Type man atc and read the man page
first; otherwise, you will be responsible for one or more air
tragedies! This game runs in real time. A good supply of caffeine will
probably help you do well.
Trek
Type trek at the command prompt. You can "go where no one has gone
before," hunt (and be hunted by) Klingons, and so on. A man page is
available by typing man trek; read it before playing to avoid being a
disgrace to the Federation.
Video Games
The following games all rely on a full-screen display, although all
graphics are assembled from the standard character set.
Robots
Type robots at the command prompt. Robots on the screen pursue you;
your only hope is to make two robots collide, at which point the
robots explode. The resulting junk heap destroys any robots that run
into it. You move about the screen using the hjkl keys, as used by the
vi editor (diagonal movement is allowed, using yubn). Moves are
simultaneous: each time you move, so do the robots. Sometimes, though,
you have to teleport to get out of an impossible situation. You die if
a robot touches you; otherwise, after clearing the screen, you go on
to a bigger and better wave of robots. A man page is available by
typing man robots.
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: Some Linux distributions might include a version of Robots
that has been hacked or modified so that you can't make a misstep
that brings you in contact with a robot (thus leading to your
demise). This takes away from the challenge of the game.
______________________________________________________________
Tetris
Type tetris at the command prompt. Ironically, although it does not
look anywhere near as professional as Xtetris or other full-graphics
versions, it plays very well—especially if you're used to the
arcade version of Tetris. Use the arrow keys for piece movement and
rotation.
Worm
Type worm at the command prompt. You are a worm, moving about the
screen and eating numbers. As you eat the numbers, you grow in length.
Do not run into yourself or into the wall! How long can you get before
you (inevitably) run into something? Note that you still slowly crawl
forward, even if you don't enter a move command.
A man page is available by typing man worm.
Math Games and Utilities
The following programs are small and interesting, although perhaps not
that exciting.
Arithmetic
Type arithmetic at the command prompt. You are asked the answer to
simple addition questions. This goes on until you type Ctrl-C to exit.
A man page is available by typing man arithmetic.
BCD Punch Card Code, Morse Code, Paper Tape Punch Code
Type bcd at the command line to convert text you type to a punched
card, type morse to see your text converted to Morse code, or type ppt
for paper punch tape output. If the command line doesn't contain any
text to encode, the programs go into interactive mode. Note that the
Enter character you must use to finish each line of input gets coded
as well. The bcd man page covers all three programs.
Factor
Type factor at the command line. This command provides you with the
prime factors of any number you supply. You can type factor <number>
to factor just the one number, or factor without any number to go into
interactive mode. Numbers can range from —2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,648. The following is a sample run of Factor:
d$ factor
123
123: 3 41
36
36: 2 2 3 3
1234567
1234567: 127 9721
6378172984028367
factor: ouch
d$
Primes
Type primes at the command prompt. If you include a range on the
command line, Primes displays all prime numbers in the range. If no
range is included, Primes waits for you to enter a number, and then
starts displaying primes greater than that number. The program is
surprisingly fast! A man page is available by typing man primes.
Other Thinking Games
The following programs might actually be a bit frustrating to play
with initially, but they can also provide hours of addiction!
Sokoban
Imagine yourself in charge of a warehouse containing a maze and lots
of bales of cotton. Each bale is so heavy that you can only push it
and not pull it. So don't push a bale into a spot where you cannot
push it out. Each level in this game gets more and more challenging as
you attempt to collect all the bales into a loading area where you can
move to the next level. The source code is available from
sunsite.unc.edu in the file sokoban-src.tar.gz.
DOOM
This exciting, though controversially gory, game is now ported to
Linux as well. Complete with sound support and exquisite graphics,
this Linux port does its DOS counterpart justice. One problem to keep
in mind though, is that your colormaps in X may be mixed up once your
cursor moves out of the X terminal you run DOOM under. Two other
things to keep in mind—you have to rebuild your kernel to add the
sound support, and the version 1.666 of DOOM will not run external WAD
files. (I recommend that you get the registered version.)
Conquest
This is an elaborate game of global conquest with equally complex
instructions and display. At least the files are in an executable
form, and you do not have to build them. One thing to remember is to
use the xconq file and run xset fp rehash to bring up the correct
fonts. A comparable game, called Empire, is also available in source
from tsx-11.mit.edu, but you need a network connection to run this
game.
Miscellaneous Demos and Utilities
The following programs might interest you.
Caesar
Type caesar at the command line. This program attempts to decrypt
encoded words. Type man caesar to see the man page.
Fortune
Type fortune at the command line for your Linux fortune-cookie
message.
Number
Type number <number> at the command line. Converts the Arabic number
given as <number> (for example, 41) to its equivalent in English
(forty-one).
Rain
Type rain at the command prompt. Your screen becomes rippled like a
puddle in a rainstorm. On most Linux console screens, the program runs
too fast to look even remotely convincing. Press Ctrl-C to exit.
Worms
Type worms at the command prompt (do not confuse with the Worm program
described previously). This fills your screen with squirming worms.
Like Rain, the program runs much too fast on a Linux console screen. A
man page is available by typing man worms.
Summary
You should now be able to while away the time by sitting at your
machine and playing your favorite games. If you haven't installed the
X Window system yet, maybe this is an extra incentive!
--
Enjoy Linux!
-----It's FREE!-----
※ 修改:．netiscpu 于 Jul 25 06:11:18 修改本文．[FROM: mtlab.hit.edu.cn]
※ 来源:．紫 丁 香 bbs.hit.edu.cn．[FROM: fengyun.hit.edu.]
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