Linux °æ (¾«»ªÇø)
·¢ÐÅÈË: RedAlert (°®ÀÏ»¢ÓÍ), ÐÅÇø: Linux
±ê Ìâ: MD:ÇîÈ˵ÄRAID
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ×Ï ¶¡ Ïã (Wed Jan 19 19:23:33 2000), תÐÅ
ʲ÷áÊÇ MD £¿
¡¡¡¡MD ¾ÍÊÇÖ¸ Multiple Devices£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ°ÑһЩ²»ÔÚͬһ¿Å HD ÉϵÄ
partitions ¼¯ºÏÔÚÒ»Æ𣬱ä³ÉÒ»¸ö´óµÄºÏÌ壬ÔÀíºÜÏñÎÒÃdz£Ìý˵µÄ RAID£¬
µ«Õâ¸ö (md) ÊÇÓÉ kernel È¥×ö (Ò»°ã³£¼û¶øÑÔ£¬RAID ÊÇÓÉ Controller ×ÔÐÐ
´¦Àí£¬Èç DPT SmartRAID ϵÁУ¬»ò IFT-3000 µÈ¸ß½× Controller)£¬ËùÒÔÔÚЧ
ÄÜÉÏ×ÔÈ»ÊäÁ˲»ÉÙ¡£µ«ËüµÄºÃ´¦ÊÇ£¬Óà linear »ò RAID 0 ʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ»ìÓà IDE
¼° SCSI HD É쵀 partitions¡£
ÈçºÎʹÓà MD £¿
Step 1: ×¼±¸¹¤×÷
°ÑÄãµÄ kernel ¸ÄΪ´óì¶ 1.3.69 µÄ°æ±¾, compile Ö§Ô® MD °É.
È¥×¥ md035.tar.gz, ÕâÊÇ×ö md volumn group µÄ³Ìʽ.
°ÑÉÏÃæ½²µÄ¶«Î÷ compile ºÃ²¢ install Íê³É; ÔÚ make install
ʱ»áͬʱ °ïÄã°Ñ /dev/md0 ~ /dev/md3 ×öºÃ, Õâµã²»±ØÂé·³×Ô¼º
ÊÖ¶¯ÅÜ mknod ÁË.
ÔÚ /etc/rc.d/rc.S µÄ¿ªÍ·ÖмÓÈëÒ»ÐÐ:
/sbin/mdadd -ar
ËüÒª±È swapon µÈºÍ filesystem ÓйØÕ߸üÔçÖ´ÐеÄ, ÒòΪҲÐíÄã
µÄ swap »ò /usr ¾ÍÊǽ¨ÔÚij¸ö md device ÉÏ. µ«Ëü±ØÐèÔÚ
kerneld Ö®ááÖ´ÐÐ ( Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÓõ½ kerneld + modules µÄ»°)
Step 2: ¿ªÊ¼ÁË
¿¼ÂÇÒ»ÏÂÄãÒª°ÑÄÄЩ partitions ¶µÔÚÒ»Æ𣬶øÇÒÒªÁ˽âÒ»¼þÊÂ:
°Ñͬһ¿Å HD É쵀 partitions ¸ãÔÚÒ»Æ𣬷´¶ø»á±äÂý¶øÇÒÓÖ²ÙÓ²
µú!
ºÃ, ÀýÈçÎÒ´òËã°Ñ /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1 ×ö³ÉÒ»¸ö
/dev/md0, ²ÎÊýÎÒÃÇÑ¡ RAID0£¬chuck size ÊÇ 8Kbytes£¬ ÄǾÍÖ´
ÐÐ:
mdcreate -c8k raid0 /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdc1
Èç´Ë¾ÍÍê³ÉÁË /etc/mdtab ÖеÄÉ趨 (²¢¼ÆËã³öÒ»¸ö crc32 µÄ¼ì²é
Âë).
×¢Òâ! ÄǸö /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1..... µÄ˳ÐòºÜÖØÒª£¬½«À´¿ÉÒÔ
ÕÕ´Ë˳ÐòÖؽ¨ (Èç¹ûÄãµÄ HD ˳Ðò±äÁË£¬ÀýÈçÖмä¶à¼ÓÁËÒ»¿Å
HD......) /etc/mdtab ¶ø²»±Ø Öؽ¨ÆäÄÚÈÝ¡£ÖÁì¶ÄǸö -c8k µÄ²Î
Êý (chuck size=8kbytes) Çë²Î¿¼ md ÄÚ¸½µÄ˵Ã÷Îļþ¡£Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý
ÊÇ pagesize (ÔÚ x86 ÉÏÓ¦¶¼ÊÇ 4k) ³Ë ÉÏ 2 µÄ N ´Î·½ (ÀýÈç
0£¬1£¬2£¬4£¬8)£¬ËùÒÔӦΪ 4k¡¢8k¡¢16k¡¢32k...... µÈÖµÖÐÑ¡Ò»
¸öÀ´Óã¬ÎÒ²»¶à½²ÁË£¬Çë×Ô¼ºÓù¦Ò»µã......
ÔÙÀ´ÎÒÃÇ cat һϠ/proc/mdstat ¿´¿´£¬Èç¹û»¹Ã»ÅÜ mdadd -ar
µÄ»°£¬Ó¦¸Ã ¿´µ½ÕâÑù:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead not set
md0 : inactive
md1 : inactive
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
ÒòΪÄãÉÐδ reboot ¹ý£¬ËùÒÔ mdcreate Íêáá, Ò²ÉÐδÅÜ
/etc/rc.d/rc.S È¥ Ö´ÐÐÄǸö mdadd -ar¡£ OK£¬ÄǾÍÊÖ¶¯Ö´ÐÐÒ»ÏÂ
mdadd -ar °É£¬È»ááÔÙ cat Ò»´Î /proc/mdstat ¿´¿´£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÏñÕâ
ÑùµÄ:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead xxx sectors
md0 : active raid0 sda1 sdb1 sdc1 xxxxxx blocks 8k chunks
md1 : inactive
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
ÆäÖÐÄÇЩ xxxxx ÊÇÎÒÕâ¶ùµÄÊý×Ö£¬Ò²ÐíÄúµÄ¾Í²»Í¬ÁË (ÄǸö
read_ahead ²»Ò»¶¨ ÓÐÖµ£¬Ò²Ðí»¹ÊÇ not set ¶øÒÑ)
ÖÁ´Ë£¬ÄúÒѾ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà /dev/md0 À´ÍæÁË¡£ÀýÈçҪ׼±¸µ± swap£¬ÄÇ
¾ÍÖ´ÐÐ mkswap /dev/md0¡£»òÐíÄúÒªµ± ext2 fs£¬ÄǾÍÖ´ÐÐ mke2fs
/dev/md0¡£ ÔÙÀ´¾Í¿´ÄúµÄÓÃ;ÂÞ......
ÉÐÓÐ mdstop¡¢mdrun ÄÇЩ³Ìʽ£¬Çë×ÔÐÐÑо¿ºÃÂð£¿
Step 3: ²âÊÔ±¨¸æ
ÎÒÒѾÔÚÁ½¿ÅºÜÀÃÓÖºÜ¾ÉµÄ IBM 330MB ÀÏ HD ÉÏ (ËüµÄËÙ¶ÈÖ»ÓÐ
3600rpm£¬ internal transfer rate Ô¼ 1.x MB/s£¬¶øÇÒ SCSI bus
µÄËٶȻá±ä³É 5MB/s) £¬×öÁËÒ»¸ö 100MB µÄ swap ÔÚ /dev/md0
ÉÏ£¬¼°Ò»¸ö 512MB µÄ ext2 fs ÔÚ /dev/md1 ÉÏ£¬×¼±¸Òª mount ÔÚ
/usr ÉÏʹÓà (ºÜðÏÕ°É£¿)¡£ ì¶ÊÇ, ÎÒÏÈ mount -t ext2
/dev/md1 /mnt áᣬ °ÑËùÓÐµÄ /usr/* ¿½±´µ½ /mnt Ï£¬ÔÙÇå¿Õ
/usr/* (»òÊÇ ÏÈ mv /usr /usr1 ÔÙ mkdir Ò»¸ö¿ÕµÄ /usr ×ÓÄ¿
¼)¡£È»áá¸ÄһϠ/etc/fstab ¼ÓÈë:
/dev/md0 swap swap default 1 1
/dev/md1 /usr ext2 default 1 1
È»áá reboot ÎҵĻúÆ÷ (ÒòΪºÜ¶à daemon ¶¼ÓÃÁË¾ÉµÄ /usr/sbin/
ÖеĶ«Î÷)
àÅ£¬ÔÚ reboot ÖУ¬ÎÒ¿´µ½ËüÕæµÄÔÚ e2fsck /dev/md1 à¡£¬¶øÇÒ³É
¹¦µØ mount ÔÚ /usr Ï£¬¶øÇÒ swap Ò²¼ÓÈëÁË¡£ÕâʱÎÒ¿´ÁË¿´
/proc/mdstat:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead 120 sectors
md0 : active raid0 sdb1 sdc1 100320 blocks 4k chunks
md1 : active raid0 sdb2 sdc2 524288 blocks 8k chunks
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
¿´ÆðÀ´²»´íµÄÑù×Ó£¬Ò²Ã»ÎÊÌâ¡£
ÔÙÀ´¾ÍÊÇÍæ compile kernel ¿´¿´ÂÞ¡£ÔÚ /usr/src/linux ÎÒ»¨ÁË
һЩ ʱ¼ä make xxxxx, ¾õµÃÕâ¸öËٶȲ»Êä¸ø±ÈËü¿ìÁËÁ½±¶¶àµÄ
Quantum Lightning ϵÁÐÒ®¡£
¿ª X-window Ò²ÅܵúÜ˳¡£
swap ÎÒÒ²ÔÚ¹Û²ì, Ò²ºÜ˳¡£
ÔÙÀ´£¬ÎÒ¸ãÁËÒ»ÕкÝÕÐ:
# cd /usr
# find -type f -name "*" -exec cat {} > /dev/null \;
Òâ˼ÊÇ°ÑËùÓÐµÄ /usr ϵĵµ°¸¶¼ cat µ½ /dev/null È¥£¬ºÝºÝµØ
²ÙÕâ¸ö /dev/md1¡£ ½á¹ûºÜ²»´í, 220MB µÄ×ÊÁÏÔÚ 14 ·ÖÖÓÄھͽâ
¾öÁË¡£
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Ö±ÅÜÕâ¸ö ²ÙËÀÓ²µúµÄÖ¸Áîʱ£¬¾ÍÒ»Ö±¿¨ÔÚij¸öÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ (¶Á²»³ö
À´) µÄµµ°¸ÉÏ¡£ì¶ÊÇ ÔÚ¿³µôÄÇЩµµ°¸áᣬ¾ÍÊ®·Ö˳ÀûÁË¡£ÎÒ»áÔÙÑé
Ö¤Õâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄ¡£
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compile something) µÄ»°£¬Ö®áá¾ÍÎÞ·¨°ÑһЩÐÂÔöµÄµµ°¸¿½ÖÁÆäËû
filesystem£¬cp Ö¸Áî (»òÊÇ cat£¬»òÊÇÆäËû¶ÁËüµÄÖ¸Á»á) ½«
¡ºËÀµÃºÜÄÑ¿´¡»±ä³É dead process¡£ ÕâÊÇÎÒááÀ´Ê¹ÓáºÍêÈ«Õý
³£¡»µÄÁ½¿Å 540MB µÄÓ²µú²âÊÔÖ®ááµÄ½áÂÛ¡£ ¶øÇÒ£¬Èç¹ûʹÓà (Àý)
mke2fs -c /dev/md1 µÄ»°£¬ÔÚ test Íêáá»á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö 'Unknown
md_iotcl 11' µÄѶϢ¡£ÏÔÈ»Õâ¸ö md-0.34 °æÓдý¸Ä½ø¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬Õâ¸ö md µÄÃÀÒ⣬´ó¼Ò¶¼ºÜÐÀÉÍ°É£¿ËùÒÔÎÒ»¨Á˹¦·òдÏÂ
ʹÓùý³Ì¡¢Ðĵü°½¨Òé¡£µ±È»£¬ÎÒÏÖÔÚ²»¹ÄÀø´ó¼ÒʹÓÃËü£¬ÔÒò (»ò˵ÏÖ
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¡¡¡¡MD ¾ÍÊÇÖ¸ Multiple Devices£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ°ÑһЩ²»ÔÚͬһ¿Å HD ÉϵÄ
partitions ¼¯ºÏÔÚÒ»Æ𣬱ä³ÉÒ»¸ö´óµÄºÏÌ壬ÔÀíºÜÏñÎÒÃdz£Ìý˵µÄ RAID£¬
µ«Õâ¸ö (md) ÊÇÓÉ kernel È¥×ö (Ò»°ã³£¼û¶øÑÔ£¬RAID ÊÇÓÉ Controller ×ÔÐÐ
´¦Àí£¬Èç DPT SmartRAID ϵÁУ¬»ò IFT-3000 µÈ¸ß½× Controller)£¬ËùÒÔÔÚЧ
ÄÜÉÏ×ÔÈ»ÊäÁ˲»ÉÙ¡£µ«ËüµÄºÃ´¦ÊÇ£¬Óà linear »ò RAID 0 ʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ»ìÓà IDE
¼° SCSI HD É쵀 partitions¡£
ÈçºÎʹÓà MD £¿
Step 1: ×¼±¸¹¤×÷
°ÑÄãµÄ kernel ¸ÄΪ´óì¶ 1.3.69 µÄ°æ±¾, compile Ö§Ô® MD °É.
È¥×¥ md035.tar.gz, ÕâÊÇ×ö md volumn group µÄ³Ìʽ.
°ÑÉÏÃæ½²µÄ¶«Î÷ compile ºÃ²¢ install Íê³É; ÔÚ make install
ʱ»áͬʱ °ïÄã°Ñ /dev/md0 ~ /dev/md3 ×öºÃ, Õâµã²»±ØÂé·³×Ô¼º
ÊÖ¶¯ÅÜ mknod ÁË.
ÔÚ /etc/rc.d/rc.S µÄ¿ªÍ·ÖмÓÈëÒ»ÐÐ:
/sbin/mdadd -ar
ËüÒª±È swapon µÈºÍ filesystem ÓйØÕ߸üÔçÖ´ÐеÄ, ÒòΪҲÐíÄã
µÄ swap »ò /usr ¾ÍÊǽ¨ÔÚij¸ö md device ÉÏ. µ«Ëü±ØÐèÔÚ
kerneld Ö®ááÖ´ÐÐ ( Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÓõ½ kerneld + modules µÄ»°)
Step 2: ¿ªÊ¼ÁË
¿¼ÂÇÒ»ÏÂÄãÒª°ÑÄÄЩ partitions ¶µÔÚÒ»Æ𣬶øÇÒÒªÁ˽âÒ»¼þÊÂ:
°Ñͬһ¿Å HD É쵀 partitions ¸ãÔÚÒ»Æ𣬷´¶ø»á±äÂý¶øÇÒÓÖ²ÙÓ²
µú!
ºÃ, ÀýÈçÎÒ´òËã°Ñ /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1 ×ö³ÉÒ»¸ö
/dev/md0, ²ÎÊýÎÒÃÇÑ¡ RAID0£¬chuck size ÊÇ 8Kbytes£¬ ÄǾÍÖ´
ÐÐ:
mdcreate -c8k raid0 /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdc1
Èç´Ë¾ÍÍê³ÉÁË /etc/mdtab ÖеÄÉ趨 (²¢¼ÆËã³öÒ»¸ö crc32 µÄ¼ì²é
Âë).
×¢Òâ! ÄǸö /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1..... µÄ˳ÐòºÜÖØÒª£¬½«À´¿ÉÒÔ
ÕÕ´Ë˳ÐòÖؽ¨ (Èç¹ûÄãµÄ HD ˳Ðò±äÁË£¬ÀýÈçÖмä¶à¼ÓÁËÒ»¿Å
HD......) /etc/mdtab ¶ø²»±Ø Öؽ¨ÆäÄÚÈÝ¡£ÖÁì¶ÄǸö -c8k µÄ²Î
Êý (chuck size=8kbytes) Çë²Î¿¼ md ÄÚ¸½µÄ˵Ã÷Îļþ¡£Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý
ÊÇ pagesize (ÔÚ x86 ÉÏÓ¦¶¼ÊÇ 4k) ³Ë ÉÏ 2 µÄ N ´Î·½ (ÀýÈç
0£¬1£¬2£¬4£¬8)£¬ËùÒÔӦΪ 4k¡¢8k¡¢16k¡¢32k...... µÈÖµÖÐÑ¡Ò»
¸öÀ´Óã¬ÎÒ²»¶à½²ÁË£¬Çë×Ô¼ºÓù¦Ò»µã......
ÔÙÀ´ÎÒÃÇ cat һϠ/proc/mdstat ¿´¿´£¬Èç¹û»¹Ã»ÅÜ mdadd -ar
µÄ»°£¬Ó¦¸Ã ¿´µ½ÕâÑù:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead not set
md0 : inactive
md1 : inactive
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
ÒòΪÄãÉÐδ reboot ¹ý£¬ËùÒÔ mdcreate Íêáá, Ò²ÉÐδÅÜ
/etc/rc.d/rc.S È¥ Ö´ÐÐÄǸö mdadd -ar¡£ OK£¬ÄǾÍÊÖ¶¯Ö´ÐÐÒ»ÏÂ
mdadd -ar °É£¬È»ááÔÙ cat Ò»´Î /proc/mdstat ¿´¿´£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÏñÕâ
ÑùµÄ:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead xxx sectors
md0 : active raid0 sda1 sdb1 sdc1 xxxxxx blocks 8k chunks
md1 : inactive
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
ÆäÖÐÄÇЩ xxxxx ÊÇÎÒÕâ¶ùµÄÊý×Ö£¬Ò²ÐíÄúµÄ¾Í²»Í¬ÁË (ÄǸö
read_ahead ²»Ò»¶¨ ÓÐÖµ£¬Ò²Ðí»¹ÊÇ not set ¶øÒÑ)
ÖÁ´Ë£¬ÄúÒѾ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà /dev/md0 À´ÍæÁË¡£ÀýÈçҪ׼±¸µ± swap£¬ÄÇ
¾ÍÖ´ÐÐ mkswap /dev/md0¡£»òÐíÄúÒªµ± ext2 fs£¬ÄǾÍÖ´ÐÐ mke2fs
/dev/md0¡£ ÔÙÀ´¾Í¿´ÄúµÄÓÃ;ÂÞ......
ÉÐÓÐ mdstop¡¢mdrun ÄÇЩ³Ìʽ£¬Çë×ÔÐÐÑо¿ºÃÂð£¿
Step 3: ²âÊÔ±¨¸æ
ÎÒÒѾÔÚÁ½¿ÅºÜÀÃÓÖºÜ¾ÉµÄ IBM 330MB ÀÏ HD ÉÏ (ËüµÄËÙ¶ÈÖ»ÓÐ
3600rpm£¬ internal transfer rate Ô¼ 1.x MB/s£¬¶øÇÒ SCSI bus
µÄËٶȻá±ä³É 5MB/s) £¬×öÁËÒ»¸ö 100MB µÄ swap ÔÚ /dev/md0
ÉÏ£¬¼°Ò»¸ö 512MB µÄ ext2 fs ÔÚ /dev/md1 ÉÏ£¬×¼±¸Òª mount ÔÚ
/usr ÉÏʹÓà (ºÜðÏÕ°É£¿)¡£ ì¶ÊÇ, ÎÒÏÈ mount -t ext2
/dev/md1 /mnt áᣬ °ÑËùÓÐµÄ /usr/* ¿½±´µ½ /mnt Ï£¬ÔÙÇå¿Õ
/usr/* (»òÊÇ ÏÈ mv /usr /usr1 ÔÙ mkdir Ò»¸ö¿ÕµÄ /usr ×ÓÄ¿
¼)¡£È»áá¸ÄһϠ/etc/fstab ¼ÓÈë:
/dev/md0 swap swap default 1 1
/dev/md1 /usr ext2 default 1 1
È»áá reboot ÎҵĻúÆ÷ (ÒòΪºÜ¶à daemon ¶¼ÓÃÁË¾ÉµÄ /usr/sbin/
ÖеĶ«Î÷)
àÅ£¬ÔÚ reboot ÖУ¬ÎÒ¿´µ½ËüÕæµÄÔÚ e2fsck /dev/md1 à¡£¬¶øÇÒ³É
¹¦µØ mount ÔÚ /usr Ï£¬¶øÇÒ swap Ò²¼ÓÈëÁË¡£ÕâʱÎÒ¿´ÁË¿´
/proc/mdstat:
Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
read_ahead 120 sectors
md0 : active raid0 sdb1 sdc1 100320 blocks 4k chunks
md1 : active raid0 sdb2 sdc2 524288 blocks 8k chunks
md2 : inactive
md3 : inactive
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һЩ ʱ¼ä make xxxxx, ¾õµÃÕâ¸öËٶȲ»Êä¸ø±ÈËü¿ìÁËÁ½±¶¶àµÄ
Quantum Lightning ϵÁÐÒ®¡£
¿ª X-window Ò²ÅܵúÜ˳¡£
swap ÎÒÒ²ÔÚ¹Û²ì, Ò²ºÜ˳¡£
ÔÙÀ´£¬ÎÒ¸ãÁËÒ»ÕкÝÕÐ:
# cd /usr
# find -type f -name "*" -exec cat {} > /dev/null \;
Òâ˼ÊÇ°ÑËùÓÐµÄ /usr ϵĵµ°¸¶¼ cat µ½ /dev/null È¥£¬ºÝºÝµØ
²ÙÕâ¸ö /dev/md1¡£ ½á¹ûºÜ²»´í, 220MB µÄ×ÊÁÏÔÚ 14 ·ÖÖÓÄھͽâ
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compile something) µÄ»°£¬Ö®áá¾ÍÎÞ·¨°ÑһЩÐÂÔöµÄµµ°¸¿½ÖÁÆäËû
filesystem£¬cp Ö¸Áî (»òÊÇ cat£¬»òÊÇÆäËû¶ÁËüµÄÖ¸Á»á) ½«
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mke2fs -c /dev/md1 µÄ»°£¬ÔÚ test Íêáá»á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö 'Unknown
md_iotcl 11' µÄѶϢ¡£ÏÔÈ»Õâ¸ö md-0.34 °æÓдý¸Ä½ø¡£
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