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发信人: clx (楚留香), 信区: Unix
标 题: 开放性原始码的简介
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Sat Jun 27 17:42:58 1998), 转信
开放性原始码的简介
作者:Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
译者:赵平望 (Pinwang Chao) <tchao@worldnet.att.net>
CLDP 译注:这是 Eric S. Raymond 最近发表的文
章。 Eric 就是 Jargon File Resources (The New
Hacker's Dictionary), fetchmail, 以及多篇
Linux HOWTOs 的作者。 最近 Eric 因发表「教堂观
与市集观的软体研发模式 (The Cathedral and the
Bazaar)」一文,促使网景决定公开 Netscape
Communicator 5.0 的原始程式码,而声名大躁!
Eric 表示, 为了 free software 的发展, 我们要重
新包装, 换个名字让大家都能接受(正名). 他建议改
用 Open Source 这个名字. 这观念已受到各"高层"的
支持 (Linus, Stallman, *BSD的大头)。 CLDP 为推
广 Open Source 的观念,特将此文中译收录於此。
译文:
"free software" -- 再 见 !
"open source" -- 你 好 !
我在 1998 年 2 月初网景公司作出宣布之後,一直在想下一步该怎
麽办 -- 多年来提倡“ free software ”的努力,现在终於获得美
国公司企业主流的采纳· 但我同时也认识到,“ free software
”本身却有严重的问题·
具体而言,“ free software ”这个名词就有问题,尽管其概念正
确无误, 但我越来越觉得这个名词不能再用·
这个名词体现出两方面的问题·首先,它的含意不明;“ free ”
的意义非常含混 (Free Software Foundation 一直需要对此作出解
释 )·“ free ”是指“不收费用”,还是指“任何人都可自由修
改”,或还有其他含意?
其次,这个名词使许多公司感到不安·尽管我个人对这个名词丝毫
没有感到不妥之处, 但从实际出发,我们应该设法改变这些公司的
想法,不是弃其不顾,掉头而去, 因为这只有对我们有利·我们可
以从这里得到实利,而又无需放弃我们的理想和对优越技术的追求
-- 现在是我们重新定位的时刻了·我们需要一个新的更贴切的名
词·
在我与网景公司举行会议之後(2月5日),我与矽谷一些 Linux 同好
聚在一起, 费尽脑汁,各出主意·我们想到一些名词,但又觉得不
妥,最後我们找到了一个我们大家都喜欢的替代名称: “开放性原
始码(open source)”[谢东翰(thhsieh)先生的建议--- 译者注]·
国际 Linux 董事会的两位董事 John "maddog" Hall 和 Larry
Augustin 当时也在场 (然而,有趣的是“开放性原始码(open
source)” 这个名称却是以观察员身份代表[4] Foresight
Institute 的 Chris Peterson 的建议)· Linus Torvalds 本人在
第二天同意这个名词·此外,这也不是只是 Linux 的事; Keith
Bostic 喜欢这个名词,并认为世界各地使用 BSD 的人也能接受这
个名词·
我们建议世界各地以前曾经讨论过“ free software ”的人都把它
改成 “开放性原始码 (open source)”·这包括:开放性原始码软
件,开放性原始码模式, 开放性原始码文化·(在向美国公司企业
推销这种概念时,我还将时时引用“相互讨论”的办法)·
Bruce Perens 已经自愿登记“开放性原始码(open source)”作为
商标, 并通过 Software in the Public Interest 拥有这个商
标·RMS 本人则表示, 只要 Bruce 编写的开放性原始码的定义不
亚于 Debian Free Software 的准则 (Debian Free Software
Guidelines),他就使用这个名词(尽管并不只用这个名词)·
此时,我们应该公开解释变换此词的理由·Linus 曾在“主导世界
101”中说过, 崇尚开放性原始码的人必须竭力设法主导电脑世
界,并使公司企业参与其事· 当然,他的论点是正确的 -- 这次改
变 - Linus 也认为 - 只是这项过程的一部分· 这表示我们愿意同
市场合作,并使市场迎合我们的目的,而不继续僵持在无足轻重和
敌对的地位·
嘿,各位,现在是紧要关头·网景公司的宣布改变了一切· 我们已
从二十年来一直被围困的小角落突围而出 ·现在是一盘全新的棋
-- 场面更大, 趣味更浓 -- 我想我们必能获胜·
参考:
4. http://www.foresight.org/
5. http://www.ccil.org/~esr
原始文件: http://sagan.earthspace.net/~esr/open-source.html
Original article:
Goodbye, "free software"; hello, "open source"
After the Netscape announcement broke in February early
1998 I did a lot of thinking about the next phase -- the
serious push to get "free software" accepted in mainstream
corporate America. And I realized we have a serious problem
with "free software" itself.
Specifically, we have a problem with the term "free
software", itself, not the concept. I've become convinced
that the term has to go.
The problem with it is twofold. First, it's confusing; the
term "free" is very ambiguous (something the Free Software
Foundation's propaganda has to wrestle with constantly).
Does "free" mean "no money charged?" or does it mean "free
to be modified by anyone", or something else?
Second, the term makes a lot of corporate types nervous.
While this does not intrinsically bother me in the least,
we now have a pragmatic interest in converting these people
rather than thumbing our noses at
them. There's now a chance we can make serious gains in the
mainstream business world without compromising our ideals
and commitment to technical excellence -- so it's time to
reposition. We need a new and better label.
I brainstormed this with some Silicon Valley fans of Linux
the day after my meeting with Netscape (Feb 5th). We kicked
around and discarded several alternatives, and we came up
with a replacement label we all liked: "open source".
John "maddog" Hall and Larry Augustin, both of the Linux
International Board of Directors, were in on the
brainstorming session (though interestingly enough the term
"open source" was suggested by non-hacker Chris Peterson,
observing for the [4]Foresight Institute).
Linus Torvalds himself approved it the following day. And
it isn't a Linux-only thing; Keith Bostic likes it and says
he thinks the BSD community can be brought on board.
We suggest that everywhere we as a culture have previously
talked about "free software", the label should be changed
to "open source". Open-source software. The open-source
model. The open source culture.
The Debian Open Source Guidelines. (In pitching this to
corporate America I'm also going to be invoking the idea of
"peer review" a lot.)
Bruce Perens has volunteered to register "open source" as a
trademark and hold it through Software in the Public
Interest. And RMS himself has said he'll use the term
(though not exclusively) as long as the Open Source
Definition Bruce is working up isn't weaker than the Debian
Free Software Guidelines.
And, we should explain publicly the reason for the change.
Linus has been saying in "World Domination 101" that the
open-source culture needs to make a serious effort to take
the desktop and engage the corporate mainstream. Of course
he's right -- and this re-labeling, as Linus agrees, is
part of the process. It says we're willing to work with and
co-opt the market for our own purposes, rather than
remaining stuck in a marginal, adversarial position.
It's crunch time, people. The Netscape announcement changes
everything. We've broken out of the little corner we've
been in for twenty years. We're in a whole new game now, a
bigger and more exciting one -- and one I think we can win.
Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
References
4. http://www.foresight.org/
5. http://www.ccil.org/~esr
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