Linux 版 (精华区)
发信人: netiscpu (平淡是真), 信区: Linux
标 题: GTK入门导引(8)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon Dec 14 14:42:17 1998), 转信
发信人: hey (吟风·悠游98), 信区: Unix
标 题: GTK入门导引(8)
发信站: 华南网木棉站 (Tue Nov 10 10:55:33 1998), 转信
8. Container物件
8.1 笔记本物件
笔记本物件好几个"页"的集合, 它们互相交叠在一起, 并可包含不同的讯息. 这
个物件在GUI越来越普及, 它是个在显示有类同功能的资讯时很有用的物件.
第一个您会用到的是产生一个新的笔记本物件.
GtkWidget* gtk_notebook_new (void);
一旦物件产生后, 共有12个函数可以操作该笔记本物件. 我们一个一个来看.
第一个是要如何来安排"页标签". 这些"页标签"或"tabs", 可以用四个位置, 上,
下, 左, 右.
void gtk_notebook_set_tab_pos (GtkNotebook *notebook, GtkPositionType pos);
GtkPostionType可以是以下四个, 很好认.
GTK_POS_LEFT
GTK_POS_RIGHT
GTK_POS_TOP
GTK_POS_BOTTOM
GTK_POS_TOP是内定值.
接下来我们来看如何加"一页"到笔记本上. 共有三种方法来加页到笔记本上.
void gtk_notebook_append_page (GtkNotebook *notebook, GtkWidget *child, GtkWidget *tab_label);
void gtk_notebook_prepend_page (GtkNotebook *notebook, GtkWidget *child, GtkWidget *tab_label);
这些函数新增一页到笔记本, append由后新增, prepend由前新增. *child是要插
入笔记本的物件, *tab_label是页标签.
void gtk_notebook_insert_page (GtkNotebook *notebook, GtkWidget *child, GtkWidget *tab_label, gint position);
参数与_append_及_prepend_相同, 除了多出一个参数, 位置. 该参数用来指定
要插在那里.
现在我们知道要如何新增一页, 再来看看如何移除.
void gtk_notebook_remove_page (GtkNotebook *notebook, gint page_num);
这个函数移除掉所指定的那一页.
要找出目前正在那一页, 可用以下函数:
gint gtk_notebook_current_page (GtkNotebook *notebook);
以下两个函数是向前或向后移动. 若目前在最后一页, 而您用
gtk_notebook_next_page, 那么笔记本会绕回第一页, 反之亦然.
void gtk_notebook_next_page (GtkNoteBook *notebook);
void gtk_notebook_prev_page (GtkNoteBook *notebook);
以下函数设定"有效页". 如果您希望笔记本开启到例如第五页, 您可以用这个函
数. 内定页为第一页.
void gtk_notebook_set_page (GtkNotebook *notebook, gint page_num);
以下两个函数可新增及移除页标签及边框.
void gtk_notebook_set_show_tabs (GtkNotebook *notebook, gint show_tabs);
void gtk_notebook_set_show_border (GtkNotebook *notebook, gint show_border);
show_tabs及show_border可以是TRUE或FALSE(0或1).
现在我们来看个范例, 它是从testgtk.c中展开的, 用了所有13个函数. 该程式产
生一个笔记本及六个按钮, 包含11页, 以三种方式加页, appended, inserted,及
prepended. 这些按钮允许您旋转页标签位置, 新增/移除页标签及边框, 移除一
页, 以前向及后向改变页的位置, 及离开程式.
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
/* This function rotates the position of the tabs */
void rotate_book (GtkButton *button, GtkNotebook *notebook)
{
gtk_notebook_set_tab_pos (notebook, (notebook->tab_pos +1) %4);
}
/* Add/Remove the page tabs and the borders */
void tabsborder_book (GtkButton *button, GtkNotebook *notebook)
{
gint tval = FALSE;
gint bval = FALSE;
if (notebook->show_tabs == 0)
tval = TRUE;
if (notebook->show_border == 0)
bval = TRUE;
gtk_notebook_set_show_tabs (notebook, tval);
gtk_notebook_set_show_border (notebook, bval);
}
/* Remove a page from the notebook */
void remove_book (GtkButton *button, GtkNotebook *notebook)
{
gint page;
page = gtk_notebook_current_page(notebook);
gtk_notebook_remove_page (notebook, page);
/* Need to refresh the widget --
This forces the widget to redraw itself. */
gtk_widget_draw(GTK_WIDGET(notebook), NULL);
}
void destroy (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer *data)
{
gtk_main_quit ();
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *button;
GtkWidget *table;
GtkWidget *notebook;
GtkWidget *frame;
GtkWidget *label;
GtkWidget *checkbutton;
int i;
char bufferf[32];
char bufferl[32];
gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy",
GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL);
gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10);
table = gtk_table_new(2,6,TRUE);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), table);
/* Create a new notebook, place the position of the tabs */
notebook = gtk_notebook_new ();
gtk_notebook_set_tab_pos (GTK_NOTEBOOK (notebook), GTK_POS_TOP);
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), notebook, 0,6,0,1);
gtk_widget_show(notebook);
/* lets append a bunch of pages to the notebook */
for (i=0; i < 5; i++) {
sprintf(bufferf, "Append Frame %d", i+1);
sprintf(bufferl, "Page %d", i+1);
frame = gtk_frame_new (bufferf);
gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), 10);
gtk_widget_set_usize (frame, 100, 75);
gtk_widget_show (frame);
label = gtk_label_new (bufferf);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), label);
gtk_widget_show (label);
label = gtk_label_new (bufferl);
gtk_notebook_append_page (GTK_NOTEBOOK (notebook), frame, label);
}
/* now lets add a page to a specific spot */
checkbutton = gtk_check_button_new_with_label ("Check me please!");
gtk_widget_set_usize(checkbutton, 100, 75);
gtk_widget_show (checkbutton);
label = gtk_label_new ("Add spot");
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (checkbutton), label);
gtk_widget_show (label);
label = gtk_label_new ("Add page");
gtk_notebook_insert_page (GTK_NOTEBOOK (notebook), checkbutton, label, 2);
/* Now finally lets prepend pages to the notebook */
for (i=0; i < 5; i++) {
sprintf(bufferf, "Prepend Frame %d", i+1);
sprintf(bufferl, "PPage %d", i+1);
frame = gtk_frame_new (bufferf);
gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), 10);
gtk_widget_set_usize (frame, 100, 75);
gtk_widget_show (frame);
label = gtk_label_new (bufferf);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (frame), label);
gtk_widget_show (label);
label = gtk_label_new (bufferl);
gtk_notebook_prepend_page (GTK_NOTEBOOK(notebook), frame, label);
}
/* Set what page to start at (page 4) */
gtk_notebook_set_page (GTK_NOTEBOOK(notebook), 3);
/* create a bunch of buttons */
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("close");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL);
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 0,1,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("next page");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) gtk_notebook_next_page,
GTK_OBJECT (notebook));
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 1,2,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("prev page");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) gtk_notebook_prev_page,
GTK_OBJECT (notebook));
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 2,3,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("tab position");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) rotate_book, GTK_OBJECT(notebook));
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 3,4,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("tabs/border on/off");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) tabsborder_book,
GTK_OBJECT (notebook));
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 4,5,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("remove page");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) remove_book,
GTK_OBJECT(notebook));
gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, 5,6,1,2);
gtk_widget_show(button);
gtk_widget_show(table);
gtk_widget_show(window);
gtk_main ();
return 0;
}
8.2 卷动视窗
卷动视窗是用来产生在视窗内可卷动的区域. 您可以在卷动视窗中插入任意种
物件, 而不管视窗大小如何, 这些物件因为在卷动区域内, 因此都可以被用到.
您可以用以下函数来产生卷动视窗:
GtkWidget* gtk_scrolled_window_new (GtkAdjustment *hadjustment,
GtkAdjustment *vadjustment);
第一个参数是水平调整方向, 第二个是垂直调整方向. 它们一般被设为NULL.
void gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy (GtkScrolledWindow *scrolled_window,
GtkPolicyType hscrollbar_policy,
GtkPolicyType vscrollbar_policy);
第一个参数是想要改变的视窗. 第二个是设定水平卷动的方式, 第三个是垂直
卷动的方式.
policy可以是GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC, 或GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS.
GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC会自动决定是否使用scrollbars.
GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS则scrollbars始终在那里.
这里是个将100个双态按钮包进一个卷动视窗的范例.
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
void destroy(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer *data)
{
gtk_main_quit();
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
static GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *scrolled_window;
GtkWidget *table;
GtkWidget *button;
char buffer[32];
int i, j;
gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
/* Create a new dialog window for the scrolled window to be
* packed into. A dialog is just like a normal window except it has a
* vbox and a horizontal seperator packed into it. It's just a shortcut
* for creating dialogs */
window = gtk_dialog_new ();
gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy",
(GtkSignalFunc) destroy, NULL);
gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "dialog");
gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 0);
/* create a new scrolled window. */
scrolled_window = gtk_scrolled_window_new (NULL, NULL);
gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (scrolled_window), 10);
/* the policy is one of GTK_POLICY AUTOMATIC, or GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS.
* GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC will automatically decide whether you need
* scrollbars, wheras GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS will always leave the scrollbars
* there. The first one is the horizontal scrollbar, the second,
* the vertical. */
gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (scrolled_window),
GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC, GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS);
/* The dialog window is created with a vbox packed into it. */
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (GTK_DIALOG(window)->vbox), scrolled_window,
TRUE, TRUE, 0);
gtk_widget_show (scrolled_window);
/* create a table of 10 by 10 squares. */
table = gtk_table_new (10, 10, FALSE);
/* set the spacing to 10 on x and 10 on y */
gtk_table_set_row_spacings (GTK_TABLE (table), 10);
gtk_table_set_col_spacings (GTK_TABLE (table), 10);
/* pack the table into the scrolled window */
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (scrolled_window), table);
gtk_widget_show (table);
/* this simply creates a grid of toggle buttons on the table
* to demonstrate the scrolled window. */
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
sprintf (buffer, "button (%d,%d)\n", i, j);
button = gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label (buffer);
gtk_table_attach_defaults (GTK_TABLE (table), button,
i, i+1, j, j+1);
gtk_widget_show (button);
}
/* Add a "close" button to the bottom of the dialog */
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("close");
gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked",
(GtkSignalFunc) gtk_widget_destroy,
GTK_OBJECT (window));
/* this makes it so the button is the default. */
GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS (button, GTK_CAN_DEFAULT);
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (GTK_DIALOG (window)->action_area), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
/* This grabs this button to be the default button. Simply hitting
* the "Enter" key will cause this button to activate. */
gtk_widget_grab_default (button);
gtk_widget_show (button);
gtk_widget_show (window);
gtk_main();
return(0);
}
玩弄一下这个视窗. 您会看到scrollbars如何反应. 您也会想用用
gtk_widget_set_usize()来设定视窗内定的大小.
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