发信人: netiscpu (平淡是真), 信区: Linux
标 题: GTK入门导引(14)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon Dec 14 14:46:25 1998), 转信
发信人: hey (吟风·悠游98), 信区: Unix
标 题: GTK入门导引(14)
发信站: 华南网木棉站 (Tue Nov 10 11:17:18 1998), 转信
14. Menu物件
有两种方式来产生选单物件, 一种简单的, 一种难的. 两种各有其用途, 但您可以
用menu_factory(简单的). 难的方法是一个一个产生. 简单的是用
gtk_menu_factory 这个简单多了, 但各有其优劣之处.
menufactory很好用, 虽然另外写一些函数, 以手动函数来产生这些选单会比较
有用. 不过, 以menufactory, 也是可以加影像到选单中.
14.1 Manual Menu Creation
在教学的目的上, 我们先来看看难的方法.:)
先看看产生选单的函数. 第一个当然是产生一个新的选单.
GtkWidget *gtk_menu_bar_new()
GtkWidget *gtk_menu_new();
这个函数返回一个新的选单, 它还不会显示.
以下两个函数是用来产生选单项目.
GtkWidget *gtk_menu_item_new()
and
GtkWidget *gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(const char *label)
动态新增
gtk_menu_item_append()
gtk_menu_item_set_submenu()
gtk_menu_new_with_label及gtk_menu_new函数 一个产生一个新的选单项
目并带标签, 另一个则是个空的选单项目.
产生选单的步骤大致如下:
使用gtk_menu_new()来产生一个新的选单
使用gtk_menu_item_new()来产生一个新的选单项目. 这会是主选单,
文字将会是menu bar本身.
使用gtk_menu_item_new来将每一个项目产生出来 用
gtk_menu_item_append()来将每个新项目放在一起. 这会产生一列选
单项目.
使用gtk_menu_item_set_submenu()来接到心产生的menu_items到主
选单项目. (在第二步中所产生出来的).
使用gtk_menu_bar_new来产生一个menu bar. 这一步仅需做一次, 当
我们产生一系列选单在menu bar上.
使用gtk_menu_bar_append来将主选单放到menubar.
14.2 Manual Menu范例
我们来做做看, 看看一个范例会比较有帮助.
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *menu;
GtkWidget *menu_bar;
GtkWidget *root_menu;
GtkWidget *menu_items;
char buf[128];
int i;
gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
/* create a new window */
window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW (window), "GTK Menu Test");
gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy",
(GtkSignalFunc) gtk_exit, NULL);
/* Init the menu-widget, and remember -- never
* gtk_show_widget() the menu widget!! */
menu = gtk_menu_new();
/* This is the root menu, and will be the label will be the menu name displayed on
* the menu bar. There won't be
* a signal handler attached, as it only pops up the rest of the menu when pressed. */
root_menu = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("Root Menu");
gtk_widget_show(root_menu);
/* Next we make a little loop that makes three menu-entries for "test-menu".
* Notice the call to gtk_menu_append. Here we are adding a list of menu items
* to our menu. Normally, we'd also catch the "clicked" signal on each of the
* menu items and setup a callback for it, but it's omitted here to save space. */
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
/* Copy the names to the buf. */
sprintf(buf, "Test-undermenu - %d", i);
/* Create a new menu-item with a name... */
menu_items = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(buf);
/* ...and add it to the menu. */
gtk_menu_append(GTK_MENU (menu), menu_items);
/* Show the widget */
gtk_widget_show(menu_items);
}
/* Now we specify that we want our newly created "menu" to be the menu for the "root menu" */
gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM (root_menu), menu);
/* Create a menu-bar to hold the menus and add it to our main window*/
menu_bar = gtk_menu_bar_new();
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), menu_bar);
gtk_widget_show(menu_bar);
/* And finally we append the menu-item to the menu-bar -- this is the "root"
* menu-item I have been raving about =) */
gtk_menu_bar_append(GTK_MENU_BAR (menu_bar), root_menu);
/* always display the window as the last step so it all splashes on the screen at once. */
gtk_widget_show(window);
gtk_main ();
return 0;
}
您也可以设定一个选单项目无效, 并使用accelerator table结合 按键到选单功
能.
14.3 使用GtkMenuFactory
我们已经示范了难的方法, 这里是用gtk_menu_factory的方法.
14.4 Menu Factory范例
这里是menu factory的范例. 这是第一个档案, menus.h. 另有menus.c及main.c
#ifndef __MENUS_H__
#define __MENUS_H__
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */
void get_main_menu (GtkWidget **menubar, GtkAcceleratorTable **table);
void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry *entries, int nmenu_entries);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif /* __MENUS_H__ */
And here is the menus.c file.
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include "main.h"
static void menus_remove_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar * path);
static gint menus_install_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar key, gchar modifiers, gchar * path);
void menus_init(void);
void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry * entries, int nmenu_entries);
/* this is the GtkMenuEntry structure used to create new menus. The
* first member is the menu definition string. The second, the
* default accelerator key used to access this menu function with
* the keyboard. The third is the callback function to call when
* this menu item is selected (by the accelerator key, or with the
* mouse.) The last member is the data to pass to your callback function.
*/
static GtkMenuEntry menu_items[] =
{
{"<Main>/File/New", "<control>N", NULL, NULL},
{"<Main>/File/Open", "<control>O", NULL, NULL},
{"<Main>/File/Save", "<control>S", NULL, NULL},
{"<Main>/File/Save as", NULL, NULL, NULL},
{"<Main>/File/<separator>", NULL, NULL, NULL},
{"<Main>/File/Quit", "<control>Q", file_quit_cmd_callback, "OK, I'll quit"},
{"<Main>/Options/Test", NULL, NULL, NULL}
};
/* calculate the number of menu_item's */
static int nmenu_items = sizeof(menu_items) / sizeof(menu_items[0]);
static int initialize = TRUE;
static GtkMenuFactory *factory = NULL;
static GtkMenuFactory *subfactory[1];
static GHashTable *entry_ht = NULL;
void get_main_menu(GtkWidget ** menubar, GtkAcceleratorTable ** table)
{
if (initialize)
menus_init();
if (menubar)
*menubar = subfactory[0]->widget;
if (table)
*table = subfactory[0]->table;
}
void menus_init(void)
{
if (initialize) {
initialize = FALSE;
factory = gtk_menu_factory_new(GTK_MENU_FACTORY_MENU_BAR);
subfactory[0] = gtk_menu_factory_new(GTK_MENU_FACTORY_MENU_BAR);
gtk_menu_factory_add_subfactory(factory, subfactory[0], "<Main>");
menus_create(menu_items, nmenu_items);
}
}
void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry * entries, int nmenu_entries)
{
char *accelerator;
int i;
if (initialize)
menus_init();
if (entry_ht)
for (i = 0; i < nmenu_entries; i++) {
accelerator = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, entries[i].path);
if (accelerator) {
if (accelerator[0] == '\0')
entries[i].accelerator = NULL;
else
entries[i].accelerator = accelerator;
}
}
gtk_menu_factory_add_entries(factory, entries, nmenu_entries);
for (i = 0; i < nmenu_entries; i++)
if (entries[i].widget) {
gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(entries[i].widget), "install_accelerator",
(GtkSignalFunc) menus_install_accel,
entries[i].path);
gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(entries[i].widget), "remove_accelerator",
(GtkSignalFunc) menus_remove_accel,
entries[i].path);
}
}
static gint menus_install_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar key, gchar modifiers, gchar * path)
{
char accel[64];
char *t1, t2[2];
accel[0] = '\0';
if (modifiers & GDK_CONTROL_MASK)
strcat(accel, "<control>");
if (modifiers & GDK_SHIFT_MASK)
strcat(accel, "<shift>");
if (modifiers & GDK_MOD1_MASK)
strcat(accel, "<alt>");
t2[0] = key;
t2[1] = '\0';
strcat(accel, t2);
if (entry_ht) {
t1 = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, path);
g_free(t1);
} else
entry_ht = g_hash_table_new(g_string_hash, g_string_equal);
g_hash_table_insert(entry_ht, path, g_strdup(accel));
return TRUE;
}
static void menus_remove_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar * path)
{
char *t;
if (entry_ht) {
t = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, path);
g_free(t);
g_hash_table_insert(entry_ht, path, g_strdup(""));
}
}
void menus_set_sensitive(char *path, int sensitive)
{
GtkMenuPath *menu_path;
if (initialize)
menus_init();
menu_path = gtk_menu_factory_find(factory, path);
if (menu_path)
gtk_widget_set_sensitive(menu_path->widget, sensitive);
else
g_warning("Unable to set sensitivity for menu which doesn't exist: %s", path);
}
And here's the main.h
#ifndef __MAIN_H__
#define __MAIN_H__
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */
void file_quit_cmd_callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif /* __MAIN_H__ */
And main.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include "main.h"
#include "menus.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *main_vbox;
GtkWidget *menubar;
GtkAcceleratorTable *accel;
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(file_quit_cmd_callback),
"WM destroy");
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Menu Factory");
gtk_widget_set_usize(GTK_WIDGET(window), 300, 200);
main_vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 1);
gtk_container_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(main_vbox), 1);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), main_vbox);
gtk_widget_show(main_vbox);
get_main_menu(&menubar, &accel);
gtk_window_add_accelerator_table(GTK_WINDOW(window), accel);
gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox), menubar, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
gtk_widget_show(menubar);
gtk_widget_show(window);
gtk_main();
return(0);
}
/* This is just to demonstrate how callbacks work when using the
* menufactory. Often, people put all the callbacks from the menus
* in a separate file, and then have them call the appropriate functions
* from there. Keeps it more organized. */
void file_quit_cmd_callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data)
{
g_print ("%s\n", (char *) data);
gtk_exit(0);
}
这里是makefile.
CC = gcc
PROF = -g
C_FLAGS = -Wall $(PROF) -L/usr/local/include -DDEBUG
L_FLAGS = $(PROF) -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/local/lib
L_POSTFLAGS = -lgtk -lgdk -lglib -lXext -lX11 -lm
PROGNAME = at
O_FILES = menus.o main.o
$(PROGNAME): $(O_FILES)
rm -f $(PROGNAME)
$(CC) $(L_FLAGS) -o $(PROGNAME) $(O_FILES) $(L_POSTFLAGS)
.c.o:
$(CC) -c $(C_FLAGS) $<
clean:
rm -f core *.o $(PROGNAME) nohup.out
distclean: clean
rm -f *~
--
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4m 0m
m;32m※ 来源:．华南网木棉站 bbs.gznet.edu.cn．[FROM: 202.38.212.66]m
--
m;32m※ 转寄:．华南网木棉站 bbs.gznet.edu.cn．[FROM: mtlab.hit.edu.cn]
--
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