发信人: netiscpu (平淡是真), 信区: Linux
标 题: GTK入门导引(19)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Mon Dec 14 14:48:43 1998), 转信
发信人: hey (吟风·悠游98), 信区: Unix
标 题: GTK入门导引(19)
发信站: 华南网木棉站 (Tue Nov 10 11:32:56 1998), 转信
19. GTK的rc档
GTK有处理软体内定值的一套方法, 即使用其rc档. 这些可以用来设定颜色, 并
且可以用pixmaps来设定某些物件的背景.
19.1 rc档的功能
当您的软体启动时, 您应该呼叫这一行:
void gtk_rc_parse (char *filename);
将您的档名传入做为参数. 这会使GTK来分析这个档案, 并使用设定值来设定
物件的形态.
如果您希望有特别样子的物件, 但可从另一个物件做为基础来产生, 可以用这
个:
void gtk_widget_set_name (GtkWidget *widget,
gchar *name);
传入您新产生的物件做为第一个参数, 您要给它的名字做为第二个参数. 这样
的话可以让你透过rc档来改变该物件的属性.
如果我们用像以下的呼叫:
button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Special Button");
gtk_widget_set_name (button, "special button");
则这个按钮被给了一个名字叫"special button" 并且会被指向rc档中的"special
button.GtkButton". [<--- 要是我错了, 修正我!]
以下的rc档设定主视窗的属性, 并让所有子视窗继承其形态. 在程式中的程式码
为:
window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_widget_set_name (window, "main window");
而该形态则在rc档中定义为:
widget "main window.*GtkButton*" style "main_button"
这会设定所有GtkButton物件, 成为在"main window"中的"main_buttons"的形
态.
您可以看到, 这是很强很有弹性的系统. 用您最佳的想像力来看有多少好处.
19.2 GTK的rc档案格式
GTK的rc档格式如以下的范例. 这个testgtkrc档从GTK distribution而来, 但我
加了点料及注解进去. 您也可以加一点解释来让使用者做微调.
有好几个指令来改变该物件的属性.
fg - 前景颜色.
bg - 背景颜色.
bg_pixmap - 背景图片pixmap.
font - 字型.
除此, 一个物件可以有好几种状态. 您可以设定不同的颜色, 图案及字形. 这些状
态是:
NORMAL - 物件一般的状态, 没有滑鼠滑过, 没有被按下.
PRELIGHT - 滑鼠滑过该物件.
ACTIVE - 当该物件被压下或按下, 该视窗会生效.
INSENSITIVE - 当该物件被设为失效.
SELECTED - 当物件被选择.
当我们使用"fg"及"bg"来设定该物件的颜色时, 其格式为:
fg[<STATE>] = { Red, Green, Blue }
这里STATE是我们以上所说的其中之一(PRELIGHT, ACTIVE etc), 而Red,
Green及Blue为0到1.0, { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }为白色. 它们必须要为浮点数, "1"不行,
必须是"1.0", 否则会全部变成0. "0"可以. 不是以此格式者均为"0".
bg_pixmap跟以上都很近似, 除了变成档名以外.
pixmap_path是以":"做为分隔的一串路径. 这些路径会用来搜寻您所指定的
pixmap.
font指令很简单:
font = "<font name>"
比较难的是找出想要的font名称. 用xfontsel或类似的工具来找会有点帮助.
"widget_class"设定物件的类别. 这些类别在物件概论中的类别组织图有列出
来.
"widget"指令指定一个已经定好的形态给一个物件. 替代所有该物件的属性. 这
些物件则在程式中以gtk_widget_set_name()注册过了. 这允许您指定各别物
件的属性, 而不是设定全部同一类的. 我要求您要做好文件, 这样使用者可以自
行修改.
当"parent"用来当成一个属性时, 该物件会继承其父所有财产.
当您定义一个形态时, 可以指定以前已经定义过的形态给新的.
style "main_button" = "button"
{
font = "-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*"
bg[PRELIGHT] = { 0.75, 0, 0 }
}
这个例子用"button"的形态, 产生一个"main_button"形态, 并且只改变font及背
景颜色.
当然了并非所有属性都对所有物件生效. 因为该物件不见得拥有该属性.
19.3 rc档的范例
# pixmap_path "<dir 1>:<dir 2>:<dir 3>:..."
#
pixmap_path "/usr/include/X11R6/pixmaps:/home/imain/pixmaps"
#
# style <name> [= <name>]
# {
# <option>
# }
#
# widget <widget_set> style <style_name>
# widget_class <widget_class_set> style <style_name>
# Here is a list of all the possible states. Note that some do not apply to
# certain widgets.
#
# NORMAL - The normal state of a widget, without the mouse over top of
# it, and not being pressed etc.
#
# PRELIGHT - When the mouse is over top of the widget, colors defined
# using this state will be in effect.
#
# ACTIVE - When the widget is pressed or clicked it will be active, and
# the attributes assigned by this tag will be in effect.
#
# INSENSITIVE - When a widget is set insensitive, and cannot be
# activated, it will take these attributes.
#
# SELECTED - When an object is selected, it takes these attributes.
#
# Given these states, we can set the attributes of the widgets in each of
# these states using the following directives.
#
# fg - Sets the foreground color of a widget.
# fg - Sets the background color of a widget.
# bg_pixmap - Sets the background of a widget to a tiled pixmap.
# font - Sets the font to be used with the given widget.
#
# This sets a style called "button". The name is not really important, as
# it is assigned to the actual widgets at the bottom of the file.
style "window"
{
#This sets the padding around the window to the pixmap specified.
#bg_pixmap[<STATE>] = "<pixmap filename>"
bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "warning.xpm"
}
style "scale"
{
#Sets the foreground color (font color) to red when in the "NORMAL"
#state.
fg[NORMAL] = { 1.0, 0, 0 }
#Sets the background pixmap of this widget to that of it's parent.
bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "<parent>"
}
style "button"
{
# This shows all the possible states for a button. The only one that
# doesn't apply is the SELECTED state.
fg[PRELIGHT] = { 0, 1.0, 1.0 }
bg[PRELIGHT] = { 0, 0, 1.0 }
bg[ACTIVE] = { 1.0, 0, 0 }
fg[ACTIVE] = { 0, 1.0, 0 }
bg[NORMAL] = { 1.0, 1.0, 0 }
fg[NORMAL] = { .99, 0, .99 }
bg[INSENSITIVE] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }
fg[INSENSITIVE] = { 1.0, 0, 1.0 }
}
# In this example, we inherit the attributes of the "button" style and then
# override the font and background color when prelit to create a new
# "main_button" style.
style "main_button" = "button"
{
font = "-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*"
bg[PRELIGHT] = { 0.75, 0, 0 }
}
style "toggle_button" = "button"
{
fg[NORMAL] = { 1.0, 0, 0 }
fg[ACTIVE] = { 1.0, 0, 0 }
# This sets the background pixmap of the toggle_button to that of it's
# parent widget (as defined in the application).
bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "<parent>"
}
style "text"
{
bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "marble.xpm"
fg[NORMAL] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }
}
style "ruler"
{
font = "-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-80-*-*-*-*-*-*"
}
# pixmap_path "~/.pixmaps"
# These set the widget types to use the styles defined above.
# The widget types are listed in the class hierarchy, but could probably be
# just listed in this document for the users reference.
widget_class "GtkWindow" style "window"
widget_class "GtkDialog" style "window"
widget_class "GtkFileSelection" style "window"
widget_class "*Gtk*Scale" style "scale"
widget_class "*GtkCheckButton*" style "toggle_button"
widget_class "*GtkRadioButton*" style "toggle_button"
widget_class "*GtkButton*" style "button"
widget_class "*Ruler" style "ruler"
widget_class "*GtkText" style "text"
# This sets all the buttons that are children of the "main window" to
# the main_buton style. These must be documented to be taken advantage of.
widget "main window.*GtkButton*" style "main_button"
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