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发信人: netiscpu (网中鸟~~flying), 信区: Linux
标  题: [中英]PHP/MySQL教程(2-3)安装PHP
发信站: 紫丁香 (Thu Jan 13 03:52:13 2000), 转信

[中英]PHP/MySQL教程(2-3)安装PHP

[原作者] Graeme Merrall
[出处] http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/programming/php/tutorials/tutorial4.html
[译者] netiscpu

PHP/MySQL Tutorial
by Graeme Merrall

======================================================================

安装PHP

Installing PHP

哈哈!但愿在这之前你已经安装完MySQL,并且正在运行中.这是一件非常有趣的事情,
现在让我们开始安装PHP...这个过程比安装MySQL要容易一点点,但是一长串选项令
人眼花缭乱.不必为此感到沮丧,因为在安装过程中,你可以随时返回上一步,添加或
去掉某些选项,重新编译PHP,

    Phew! Hopefully you've got MySQL all up and running by now. That was
    almost fun! Now for PHP ... This process is slightly easier, but the
    array of options is dazzling. Don't be daunted, though. You can
    always go back later and recompile PHP to add or remove options as
    needed.

PHP的主站点是http://www.php.net/,它是一个有关PHP的信息宝藏,从PHP项目列表
到BUG报告,无所不有.与下载MySQL一样,你应该就近找一个镜像站点进行下载.

    The home of PHP is http://www.php.net/. The PHP site is a mine of
    information, from project listings to bug reports. As with MySQL,
    you should choose a nearby mirror. Obviously you'll want the Downloads
    section to get PHP.

这里可供你选择的选项有更多一点点限制,你可以选择一些预编译好的二进制PHP软
件包,但是这些都是试验性质的.如果你在除了Windows以外的任何平台上安装PHP,
只要获取源代码包,并且自己编译之.

    Your range of options here is a little more limited. A few precompiled
    binaries are available, but these are experimental. If you're on
    anything except a Windows platform, grab the source code and compile
    it yourself.

但是首先,让我们来看看Windows版的安装,当时使用PHP时,一个通常的做法就是在
Windows机器上开发,然后在Unix服务器上运行,你也可以这样做,但是这意味着你要
精通这两个平台的PHP安装.

    But first let's cover Windows. When using PHP, a common practice is
    to develop on a Windows machine and then run your site on a Unix
    server. It may end up that you will do this yourself, which means
    you need to be proficient in installing on both platforms.

第一不要下载Windows二进制版PHP软件包,并且使用流行的Zip工具进行解压,一般
解压到"C:\php3"目录,你可以按照README文件里所说的进行安装,但是如果你想将
PHP安装到非"C:\php3"的其它目录,安装完毕后,还要对PHP所带的".inf"文件进行
改动.

    Let's grab the Windows binary and uncompress it using our favorite
    Zip decompression tool into a directory on your C drive called php3.
    The supplied README file deals with the installation in some detail,
    but here's the Reader's Digest version: If you want to install PHP
    to a folder other than C:\php3, you'll need to edit the .inf file
    that comes with PHP.

在php3目录下,你会发现很多".dll"文件,将所有**非**"php_"开头的DLL文件移到
你的windows\system目录,然后将"php.ini-dist"该名为"php3.ini"并且将该文件
移到你的windows目录,假如你打开这个文件,会看到要做许多有趣的变动,首先要
做的是将下面这一行去掉注释:

        extension=php3_mysql.dll


    In the php3 directory, you'll find a lot of .dll files. Take all the
    .dll files that don't begin with php_ and move them into your
    \windows\system directory. Then rename php.ini-dist to php3.ini and
    move it into your \windows directory. If you open up that file,
    you'll see there are lots of interesting things to change. For now
    just "uncomment" the line:

        extension=php3_mysql.dll

如果你使用的是Apache for Win32,要对Apache进行设置,以使得它能识别PHP文件,
具体的设置依赖于你所用的Apache版本,你需要添加下面几行到httpd.conf和
srm.conf文件(其中"c:/php3/"目录要改成你实际的php3所在目录):

    ScriptAlias /php3/ "c:/php3/"
    AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
    Action application/x-httpd-php3 "/php3/php.exe"

    If you're using Apache for Win32, set up Apache to recognize and
    parse PHP files. Depending on the version of Apache you're using,
    you'll need to add the following to either the httpd.conf or
    srm.conf file:

    ScriptAlias /php3/ "c:/php3/"
    AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
    Action application/x-httpd-php3 "/php3/php.exe"

或者,假如你使用IIS或PWS,右键点击php_iis_reg.inf并且选择"安装(Install)",
然后还要重新启动IIS,使更改生效.

    Or if you're using IIS or PWS, right-click on php_iis_reg.inf and
    select 'Install'. You'll need to reboot for IIS to see this change.

好了,现在Windows版的PHP安装过程已经介绍完毕,接下来看看Unix版PHP的安装.当
然,和MySQL的安装一样,我们要从编译源代码开始.首先下载并且解压PHP源码包,同
样,PHP也该有配置脚本(configure script),但是这回你不能用默认的选项进行配置
了,输入命令"./configure -help | more",你会一页一页地看到很多新的而且有意
思的选项,你要选择是作为CGI还是Apache模块来进行编译.如果你使用Apache Web服
务器并且你有能力重新编译Apache,那就选择"模块(module)"方式,因为这种方式更
快更易用;否则,你只能安装CGI版本的PHP.除此以外,我们还要编译支持MySQL的部分.

    OK, now that Windows is out of the way, let's get to Unix. Of course,
    we'll be compiling from source code. As with MySQL, download and
    unpack the source code. Again, PHP comes with a configure script. You
    can't get away with going for defaults here, though. Run
    ./configure -help | more to see pages and pages of new and interesting
    options. You have to decide between compiling as a CGI or as an Apache
    module. If you are using the Apache Web server and you are able to
    recompile it, use the module: It's faster and easier to use. Otherwise,
    you can go with the CGI version. We also need to compile in MySQL
    support.

现在,我们假设使用模块方式运行并且需要支持MySQL,如果你想加入其它选项或者其
它库,可以在晚些时候再做.输入命令:

        ./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache/dir --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

    For now we'll assume that we're running the module with MySQL support.
    If you want to add other options or other libraries, you can do this
    later. Type:

        ./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache/dir --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

如果你要创建CGI版本PHP,那就略去"-with-apache"的选项,配置过程会产生相应的
系统文件,然后只要简单地再次输入命令"make"即可.

    Skip the -with-apache option if you're creating a CGI version. The
    configure process will run and produce the relevant system files.
    Now simply type make again.

再泡一杯咖啡吧:),如果这时候,你开始感到有些紧张和不安的情绪,不用担心,所有
人再进行第一次PHP安装时,都会觉得有些许焦虑,不妨再多来点咖啡;->.

    It's time for another coffee. If you start feeling a bit nervous and
    shaky at this point, don't worry about it. We all get a little anxious
    during our first PHP install. Have some more coffee.

如够你已经创建一个CGI版PHP,那你现在就可以运行它了,只要简单地将最终的可执
行文件拷贝到你的CGI目录即可.对于选用Apache模块方式运行的用户,输入命令
"make install",会将必要的文件拷贝到你的Apache目录,然后,按照Apache的说明文
件,将模块添加到Apache中,并且重新编译Apache.

    If you've created a CGI version, you're now ready to roll. Simply copy
    the resulting executable file into your CGI file. For Apache module
    users, type make install to copy files to your Apache directory. From
    there, follow the instructions to add a module to Apache and recompile.

你还需要告诉你的Web服务器如何通过PHP软件处理页面,如果你不是使用Apache,那就
要查看你的Web服务器文档,使其能够处理以".php3"结尾的文档.对于Apache1.3.x用
户,可以简单地往Apaceh配置文件"httpd.conf"和"srm.conf"增加一行:

        AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3

如果你使用CGI版本PHP,还要在以上"AddType"之前增加如下几行:

        ScriptAlias /php3/ "/path-to-php-dir/"
        AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
        Action application/x-httpd-php3 "/php3/php"

    You'll need to tell your Web server how to process pages through the
    PHP program now. If you're not using Apache, you'll need to check your
    Web server documentation on how to get it to process documents with a
    .php3 extension. Apache 1.3.x users can simply add
    AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
    to the httpd.conf or srm.conf file. If you're using the CGI version,
    you'll need to add the following before AddType:

        ScriptAlias /php3/ "/path-to-php-dir/"
        AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
        Action application/x-httpd-php3 "/php3/php"

好了,如果幸运的话,你现在就可以运行MySQL和PHP的功能了,遇到任何问题时,别忘了
查看FAQs和其它在线文档,你还可以试一试通过邮件列表求助.

    That's it. With any luck, you've now got MySQL running and PHP
    functioning. Don't forget to check the FAQs and documentation if you
    get stuck. Also try the mailing lists.

现在,我们已经安装完所有的东西了,来试验一下吧.

    Now that we've managed all that, lets put this stuff in motion!

[未完待续]

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