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发信人: superman (风雨无阻), 信区: English
标 题: 江主席在哈佛大学的演讲(英译文:1997.11.1)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Mar 27 10:09:54 1998), 转信
Enhance Mutual Understanding and Build Stronger Ties of
Friendship and Cooperation
President Jiang Zemin's Speech at Harvard University, November 1, 1997
Mr. President,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I wish to thank President Rudenstine, for inviting me to this old yet
modernized institution of the United States in this golden fall.
Since its founding some 360 years ago, Harvard has nurtured a great
number of outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers and businessmen, in-
cluding six of the American Presidents and over thirty Nobel Prize win-
ners. The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of Amer-
ica testifies to its position in American history.
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese
students. The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities
have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university. Harvard
has thus made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding
between the Chinese and American peoples.
Mutual understanding is the basis for state-to-state relations. Without
It, it would be impossible for countries to build trust and promote coopera-
tion with each other. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between
China and the United States, the exchanges and mutual understanding be-
tween our two peoples have broadened and deepened steadily. However,
this is not enough. To promote the development of China-US relations,
China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.
To know China better, one may approach it from different angles,
China today has evolved from its past. China is a country with 5,000 years
of civilization. Therefore, it is important to approach China from a histor-
ical and cultural perspective.
I recall my first lesson on calculus in high school. My teacher quoted a
line from Zhunag Zi (cir 369-286 BC), which reads "cut away half of a
rod and keep on halving what is left, and there will be no end to that pro-
cess." This gave me a vivid concept of limit. It shows that the ancient Chi-
nese realized the endless process of changes of matter and had a fairly good
understanding of nature. As early as 2,500 BC, the Chinese began astro-
nomical observation and geographical survey, and gradually formed a
world outlook of "Heaven and Man are one." China produced in its history
many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scien-
ties, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature. The
scene of "contention of a hundred schools of thought" brought forth in the
Spring and Autumn Period 2,500 years ago and the Warring States Period
over 2,200 years ago and the emergence of various schools of thought and
their exponents such as Lao Zi and Confucius (551-479 BC) occupy a very
important position in the world history of philosophy. Ancient China made
unique contributions to many areas of science including astronomy, calen-
dric system, geography, mathematics, agriculture, medicine and the hu-
manities. Records of solar and lunar eclipses are found in the inscriptions
on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty over 3,000 years ago. In
the 2,100 years (221 BC - 1911) from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dy-
nasty, the 27 appearances of Halley's Comet were all recorded in China,
Zhang Heng (78-139) of the Han Dynasty invented a seismograph to de-
termine the location of earthquakes and an armillary sphere that showed the
movement of the sun, moon and other stars. Mathematicians in the pre-
Qin days over 2,200 years ago put forward the proposition known as the
Pythagorean theorem in the West today. In the Northern and Southern Dy-
nasties in the 4th century AD, China's mathematician Zu Chongzhi (429 -
500) calculated the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter to
be 3.1415926. China's silk-weaving, porcelain making, metallurgy and
shipbuilding very early reached the world's advanced level. In the Ming Dy-
nasty, Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1610?) initiated the twelve-tone temperament
which later became the universal standard tones. The Chinese medicine is a
unique school of its own. Particularly, China's four great inventions of pa-
per making, gunpowder, printing and compass had once changed the face
of the world. China had been a world leader in science and technology for
one thousand years until the 15th century. These inventions and creations
of China represented lights of reason in the harmonious development of
man and nature and the integration of the scientific spirit and moral ideals.
China's culture in history has never stopped developing. It has pro-
gressed through the contention and infiltration of various disciplines and
schools of thought, and also through the mutual exchanges and learning be-
tween China and other countries in the world. From old times, the Chinese
people came to know full well the importance of "drawing widely upon
others' strong points to improve oneself." The Han and Tang were both
dynasties of economic prosperity and also flourishing international ex-
changes. The trips of imperial envoy Zhang Qian to the Western regions
(139-126,119 BC) opened up the world-famous Silk-Road; Eminent
Monk Xuan Zang (602-664) of Tang made a long journey and brought
back ancient culture of South Asian countries in the form of Buddhist su-
tras. In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese navigator Cheng Ho (1371-1435) led
fleets to what was then called the "West Sea" seven times in the 15th centu-
ry spreading the Chinese culture to distant land. Only later on, especially
in late Qing Dynasty, did the feudal rulers adopt a policy of seclusion,
which hampered China's progress and its exchanges with the outside world.
After the opium War (1840-1842), generation after generation of en-
lightened Chinese people have, for national rejuvenation, spared no efforts
in learning from Western countries' advanced scientific thought and fruit
of civilization, which in combination with China's realities pushed forward
China's social reforms and development. Today, the Chinese people who
are struggling to achieve modernization have made opening-up a basic state
policy and are conduction extensive exchanges and cooperation with the rest
of the world, thus creation a brand-new situation of opening-up in the Chi-
nese history.
Sunlight is composed of seven colors, so is our world full of different
colors. Every country and every nation has its own historical and cultural,
traditions, strong points and advantages. We should respect and learn
from each other and draw upon others' strong points to make up one's own ,
deficiencies, thus achieving common progress.
In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine
historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sub-
lated with the changes of the times and social progress. These traditions
have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese
people today, and on China's road of advance. Here, I would lick to make
some observations on the following aspects, which I hope will help you
know China better.
First, the tradition of solidarity and unity. The Chinese nation is a big
family composed of 56 nationalities. Since time immemorial, people of all
our nationalities have established close-knit political, economic and cultur-
al links and joined hands in developing the vast land of our country. China
became a vast unified country more than 2,000 years ago. The age-old Chi-
nese culture becomes a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity.
Solidarity and unity are deeply inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people
as part of their national identity. Despite occasional divisions, ethnic har-
mony and national unity have remained the main stream in the history of
the Chinese nation, and an important guarantee for china's development
and progress. The founding of the People's Republic of China marked an
unprecedented great unity of the Chinese nation. A new type of relationship
of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance among all our nationalities has
been established. People of all our nationalities enjoy full rights and free-
doms provided for by the law. In places where there is a high concentration
of ethnic minorities, regional autonomy is in practice. These regions have
witnessed continued economic and social development. All these have laid a
solid political foundation for consolidated national unity.
Second, the tradition of maintaining independence. Our ancestors al-
ways regarded the spirit of maintaining independence as the foundation of a
nation. As one of the cradles of human civilization, China has all along
maintained its cultural tradition without letup in its history of several thou-
sand years. In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by im-perialist powers once weakened China. However, after a hundred year's
struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant.
This fully testifies to the indestructible strength of this independent nation-
al spirit of the Chinese people. Today, in finding a road of advance suited
to us, we will proceed from our own national conditions to address the
problems of how to ...... economic, political and cultural development
without blindly copying other countries' models. In handling international,
affairs, we decide our positions and policies from an independent ap-
proach. The Chinese people cherish its friendship and cooperation with oth-
er peoples, they also cherish their right to independence, which they have
won through protracted struggles.
Third, the peace-loving tradition. Chinese thinkers of the pre-Qin
days (over 2,000 years ago) advanced the doctrine "loving people and
treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country." This is a reflect-
tion of the aspiration of the Chinese people for a peaceful world where peo-
ple of all countries live in harmony. Today, the Chinese people who are
committed to modernization need more than ever a long-term international
environment of peace and a favorable neighboring environment. China's
foreign policy is peace-oriented. We will establish and develop friendly re-
lations and cooperation with all countries in the world one the basis of the
Five principles of Peaceful Coexistence, especially the principles of mutual,
respect equality and mutual benefit and non-interference in each other's
internal affairs. We will never impose upon others the sufferings we our-
selves once experienced. A developing and progressing China does not pose
a threat to anyone. China will never seek hegemony even if it grows rich
and strong in the future. China is always a staunch force for world peace
and regional stability.
Fourth, the tradition of constantly striving to strengthen oneself.
Through observing the changing nature of the universe and of all things,
ancient Chinese philosophers proposed the following doctrine: "Heaven a??-
erate vigorously, and gentlemen exert to strengthen themselves unceasing-
ly." This idea has become an important moral force spurring the Chinese
people to work hard for reform and renovation. The fruits of China's an-
cient civilization were brought about by the tireless efforts and hard work
of the Chinese nation. In the past one hundred years or so, the Chinese
people waged arduous struggles to rid themselves of the sufferings under
semi-colonial and semi-feudal rule. Dr. Sun Yatsen, China's forerunner of
the democratic revolution, was the first to put forward the slogan of "rej?-
venation of China." He led the Revolution of 1911 to overthrow the auto-
cratic monarchy lasting several millennia in China. Under the guidance of
Mao Zedong Thought, the communist party of China led the Chinese peo-
ple in achieving China's national independence and people's liberation and
in building China into a socialist country with initial prosperity. Today,
guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Chinese people are firmly pressinga-
head with reform and opening-up and have achieved remarkable successes
in the modernization drive. China has entered a period of its fastert and
healthiest growth in this century.
The reform and opening-up endeavor is an embodiment and a creative
development of the Chinese spirit of constantly striving to strengthen one-
self and reform and renovation in modern times. We refer to our reform
and opening-up as socialist reform and opening-up because it is a self-im-
provement and development of the socialist system in China. Practice in the
last twenty years has eloquently proved that we are going in the right direc-
tion, firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach
when carrying out the reform and opening-up and that we have achieved
tremendous successes. We have successfully overcome various difficulties
and risks in the course of our advance without causing great social unre??.
Rather, we have succeeded in greatly releasing and developing social pro-
ductive forces and maintained social stability and an all-round progress.
We are conducting a comprehensive reform with full confidence. Eco-
nomically, we will speed up the establishment of a socialist market econo-
my and realize industrialization, and the socialization, marketization and
modernization of the economy. Politically, we will endeavor to develop so-
cialist democracy, govern the country according to law, build a socialist
country under the rule of law and ensure the full exercise of people's rights
to govern the country and manage social affairs. Culturally, we will work
hard to develop a socialist culture that is national. Scientific and popular a
culture that is geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of
the future, adopt a strategy of rejuvenating China through science and edu-
cation, and strive to raise the political and moral standards as well as sci-
entific and cultural level of the entire nation. In a word, our goat is to
build china into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced
modern country.
A country with a vast territory, a big population and a long history.
China should make greater contribution to humanity. The Chinese people
waged a dauntless struggle for one hundred years. They have effected great
reforms and chinese one after another to build china into a strong and
prosperous country. They have worked to strengthen ethnic solidarity and
achieve national reunification and to promote the lofty cause of world peace
and development. In the final analysis, they have done all these for one ob-
jectice, that is, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and China's
new and greater contributions to humanity.
In short, the choice of the social system and road of advance that Chi-
na has made, the domestic and foreign policies that is has pursued, and the
goals it has set itself for the next century are all based on its realities and
its history. They are not only in conformity with the trend of the historical
development of mankind and that of the times, but also imbued with the
characteristics of the Chinese nation. They server not only the fundamental
interests of the Chinese people, but also of world peace, stability, prosper-
ity and progress. This is the key to an understanding of the present China
and its future.
The friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American peoples
have a history of more than two hundred years. Back in 1784, American
merchant ship the "Empress of China" came a long way to China. In 1847,
Rong Hong(1828-1912) and others came to the United States as the first
group of Chinese students to study here. Many Chinese took part in con-
struction words in the United States. While a lot of American friends
showed sympathy to and supported the national liberation cause of the Chi-
nese people. We will never forget their deeds which have touched us
deeply.
The Chinese people have always admired the American people for their
practicality and creativity. My visit to IBM, AT&T and Bell laboratory res-
terday give me some firsthand knowledge of the latest successes in modern
science and technology. Today's rapid development in science and tehcnolo-
gy is exercising ever deeper influence on the global political and economic
pattern and people's social life. If we persist in reform and repova???????
ideals will become reality. In our course in further open up and achieve
modernization, we attach importance on learning from and drawing on all
the fine cultural achievements of the American people.
Friendship and cooperation between our two peoples have a major in-
fluence on the world. The United States is the most developed capitalist
country and China the largest developing country. China is a country with
1.2 billion people. Its stability and rapid development is of vital impor-
tance to the stability and development in the Asian-Pacific region and the
world at large. China holds a huge market and great demand for develop-
ment, and the united States holds advanced science and technology as well
as enormous material strength. The economies of the two countries are
therefore highly complementary with each other. China's potential market,
once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce
many opportunities and great vigor for growth. China and the United States
share broad common interests and shoulder common responsibilities on
many important questions crucial to human survival and development, such
as maintaining world peace and security, preventing the spread of weapons
of mass destruction, protecting environment for human survival and com-
bating international crimes. All these provide an important basis for fur-
ther developing China-US friendly relations and cooperation. We should
take a firm hold of the overall interests of China-US relations, properly re-
sovle our differences and move steadily toward the goal of enhancing mutu-
al understanding, broadening common ground, developing cooperation and
building a future together.
During my current visit in the United States, I had an in-depth ex-
change of views and reached broad agreement with President Clinton on the
future development of China-US relations. We both agree that with a view
to promoting the lofty cause of world peace and development, China and
the United States should strengthen cooperation and work to build a con-
structive strategic partnership oriented toward the 21st century. This will
mark a new stage of development in China-US relations.
Harvard University has all along placed importance on China studies.
The late Professor John King Eairbak of Harvard was a well-known schol-
ar who devoted all his life to the study of Chinese history and culture. In
order to help with the study of china's past and present here. I wish to pre-
sent Harvard with a set of the newly published The Twenty-Four Histories
with Mao Zedong's Commentaries. The Twenty-Four Histories are impor-
tant classical records of China's history of several thousand years. In his
life time, Mr. Mao Zedong made numerous commentaries and annotations
on the Twenty-Four Histories, thus leaving us with a rich heritage for the
benefit of understanding and drawing useful lessons from China's history.
I am glad to learn that you. Mr. President will visit china next year.
I look forward to meeting you again in Beijing.
I highly appreciate the motto on the gate of your University. It reads:
"Enter to grow in wisdom, and depart to serve better thy country and thy
kind." Young people in China have also a motto, that is: "Keep the moth-
erland in heart and serve the people." I hope that while building our re-
spective countries and promoting world peace and development, the Chi-
nese youth and the American youth will endeavor to understand each other
better, learn from each other, enhance their friendship and create a better
future.
Thank you.
--
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