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发信人: Systems (落叶), 信区: English
标 题: U.S. Plans Hunt for Iraqi Bio-Weapons
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年03月20日09:10:25 星期四), 站内信件
U.S. Plans Hunt for Iraqi Bio-Weapons
Thursday March 20, 2003 12:50 AM
While the world awaits Saddam Hussein's fate, the main goal of the U.S.-led
military campaign is to embark on a scary scavenger hunt: finding the elusiv
e weapons that convinced the Bush administration to wage war in the first pl
ace.
The aim is to get to the toxic arsenals before they can be deployed or moved
, and perhaps show the world evidence of a tangible threat that justified wa
r.
As a March 3 Defense Department report noted, ``Though initial emphasis was
on the ouster of Saddam Hussein, the administration has more recently pointe
d to weapons of mass destruction disarmament as its prime objective.''
Any attacks on the Iraqi leadership and its command centers are expected to
be carried out in concert with seizures of suspected chemical and biological
weapons sites, along with oil fields. Burning oil would pose its own health
hazard if Saddam sets Iraq's 1,685 wells ablaze, as he did in occupied Kuwa
it during his 1991 retreat.
Finding the weapons that have eluded U.N. inspectors carries huge practical
and political ramifications for the Bush administration. Failure to turn up
significant evidence of biological, chemical or nuclear arms research and pr
oduction would raise questions about a mission already condemned by much of
the world.
``The difficulty is a matter of intelligence,'' said Kelly Motz, an analyst
at a nonpartisan think tank called Iraq Watch. ``To find it rapidly and dest
roy it rapidly, you pretty much need to know where it is.
``It's definitely the right idea and the right strategy, but in terms of car
rying it out, you're going to need better intelligence than what I've seen s
o far.''
During the 1991 Persian Gulf war, the U.S.-led coalition was flummoxed by Ir
aq's mobile Scud missile launchers, which constantly eluded detection. It fa
iled to locate any of them during the war, according to the Defense Departme
nt report to Congress.
Failing to find significant evidence of biological and chemical arms would m
ean one of two things: that U.S. claims they exist were exaggerated, or that
Saddam was successful in moving them out of the country. Iraq denies it has
any such weapons.
``If we find little evidence ... it's going to be an embarrassment,'' Motz s
aid. ``They're banking that they are going to prove themselves. Either it's
not there, or it's been shipped across borders, which would mean that the mi
ssion increased proliferation.''
Disagreements over whether Iraq is indeed a threat that justifies war has sp
lintered alliances and left the United States without many of its traditiona
l allies as it enters a conflict.
``I'm among the people who are most curious to know'' if an invasion will un
cover hidden weapons, Hans Blix, the most recent in a long line of U.N. weap
ons inspectors, told CNN Wednesday.
Many experts believe that Saddam has the capacity to actually use chemical o
r biological weapons against U.S.-led forces, but his willingness to do so i
s known only to the unpredictable ruler. He never used chemical or biologica
l agents in 1991, and wound up releasing hundreds of Western expatriates he'
d swore would be held captive at strategic bombing targets.
Though some analysts doubt Iraq has the capability to launch a missile with
a chemical or biological payload, U.S. intelligence believes Iraq has two do
zen Scuds, some possibly armed with such warheads. The Pentagon says technol
ogical advances made in the past decade - roughly 90 percent of missiles are
precision guided, compared to 10 percent in 1991 - would make taking out th
e mobile launchers less of a challenge.
Advances in satellite reconnaissance, observation drones and anti-missile ro
ckets would also give the U.S.-led force a better chance of preempting an at
tack by a toxic weapon.
Washington believes Saddam has stockpiles of mustard gas, a grisly blisterin
g agent used during World War I, as well as nerve gases and biological agent
s such as anthrax, botulism and ricin.
Fear of an attack is a problem in itself. The detection of mere trace amount
s of an agent could force huge numbers of troops to don their protective sui
ts, slowing them down, the Defense report noted. Civilian workforces used at
ports and other logistical points might not work if there are fears of an a
ttack.
Attacking troops are equipped with charcoal-lined pants, a heavy, hooded jac
ket with an elastic tie that runs between the legs from the back to the fron
t and super-sized rubber overboots.
Sailors aboard the USS Kitty Hawk on Wednesday got a drill on countering a c
hemical attack.
In briefings broadcast on ship-wide closed-circuit television, medical staff
simulated gasping and violent convulsions - symptoms of a chemical attack -
then jabbed themselves with needles to show how to self-administer the drug
s natropene and pralidoxime chloride. The needles were being distributed thr
oughout the ship Wednesday.
There are fears that Saddam might gas or poison his own people or direct an
attack at Israel or others in the region. He used chemical and biological ag
ents against restive Kurds and neighboring Iran during the 1980s, killing th
ousands and causing health problems for many survivors.
If Saddam does deploy toxic weapons, the average foot soldier has far better
protection from chemical attack today in comparison to the 1991 Gulf War. G
as masks and protective suits have been redesigned to provide greater protec
tion and better comfort.
Sensors designed to detect airborne chemical agents were so prone to false a
larms during the first Iraq invasion that many units simply turned theirs of
f. Newer detectors are much less sensitive to things like diesel exhaust, sm
oke and airborne dust. They are also able to distinguish chemical agents fro
m one another, a capability that the old technology lacked.
Troops have also been given pills that may increase their resistance to soma
n gas, a type of nerve gas. Some believe that the pills, known as pyridostig
mine bromide, contributed to the mysterious illnesses that arose in many Gul
f War veterans. But their is no evidence of such a connection, and the Food
and Drug Administration recently approved pyridostigmine bromide for troops
who may face chemical attack.
--
I am looking outside into the rain
through the blurred window, in front
of which you seem to be there.
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