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发信人: Systems (落叶), 信区: English
标 题: Cruise Missiles, Stealth Jets Lead Attack
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年03月20日13:11:14 星期四), 站内信件
Cruise Missiles, Stealth Jets Lead Attack
Thursday March 20, 2003 4:50 AM
WASHINGTON (AP) - The opening salvos in the war to remove Saddam Hussein rel
ied on tried-and-true cruise missiles and precision-guided bombs dropped by
Air Force stealth fighter-bombers.
The attacks involved about three dozen Tomahawk cruise missiles launched fro
m Navy ships in the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, as well as bombs dropped f
rom a handful of F-117A Nighthawk stealth jets, military officials said.
Officials speaking on condition of anonymity said the attacks were not a sig
n that the main air offensive against Iraq had begun. Rather, they were appr
oved by President Bush in response to time-sensitive intelligence on the whe
reabouts of Iraqi leaders - presumably including Saddam.
Officials said it was possible that other limited attacks in various parts o
f Iraq could be launched over the next day, even before the main air assault
begins.
Three of the Tomahawks were launched from the USS Donald Cook, a destroyer i
n the Red Sea. The Navy released three pictures of the missiles being launch
ed just hours after the attack.
Introduced during the war with Iraq a dozen years ago, the Tomahawk is still
a technological wonder, able to fly at just under the speed of sound, huggi
ng the ground to deliver a 1,000-pound warhead onto a preprogrammed target.
The Navy probably has about 1,000 Tomahawks, which at about $600,000 a pop a
re considered expensive.
Radar detection of the missile is extremely difficult because of the small r
adar cross-section and low-altitude flight profile.
A next-generation Tomahawk adds the capability to reprogram the missile whil
e in-flight to strike any of 15 preprogrammed alternate targets.
The F-117A Nighthawk, the distinctive fighter-bomber that looks like a bat,
is the world's first operational aircraft designed to exploit stealth techno
logy that makes it difficult to detect with radar.
In the Gulf War a dozen years ago, the Nighthawk was the only U.S. or coalit
ion aircraft to strike targets in downtown Baghdad.
The F-117A program created a revolution in military warfare by incorporating
low-observable technology into operational aircraft.
Before Wednesday night's strike, a senior Air Force planner said U.S. warpla
nes are likely to drop 10 times as many precision-guided bombs on the first
day of a war against Iraq as they did to open the 1991 Gulf war.
``I don't think the potential adversary has any idea what's coming,'' said C
ol. Gary Crowder, the chief of strategy at Air Combat Command, which is resp
onsible for all Air Force warplanes.
At a Pentagon news conference, Crowder said 300-400 precision-guided weapons
were dropped on the first day of the 1991 air war and suggested at least 3,
000 would be used on the first day this time.
War planning also has become much more efficient, Crowder said. In the first
Gulf war, U.S. warplanes attacked each element of Iraq's air defenses in se
quence - early warning radars, followed by air defense operations bunkers, f
ollowed by airfields and surface-to-air missile sites - before getting to th
e ultimate target: the Iraqi leadership.
This time, due to more accurate weapons and a fuller understanding of target
s in Iraq, the leadership will be attacked at the same time that communicati
ons, transportation and air defense targets are bombed, Crowder said. Exampl
es of leadership targets are palaces and command centers expected to be used
by President Saddam Hussein and his senior generals.
This more efficient approach is based in part on improved weapons technology
and more advanced means of matching weapon types with the kinds of damage d
esired, Crowder said. For example, if the goal was paralysis of the Iraqi el
ectrical grid, the war planners might single out a small number of power sta
tions or transmission towers as targets rather than striking every power sta
tion in the grid.
Crowder also said that the experience gained from patrolling ``no fly'' zone
s over southern and northern Iraq since shortly after the first Gulf war giv
es American and British forces a big advantage.
``Having lived over the no fly zones for the last 12 years, it is a signific
antly less hostile place than it was in northern and southern Iraq on the op
ening night of the (1991) Gulf war,'' he said.
``That simple fact will make the jobs of our men and women aircrews out ther
e doing this a whole lot easier,'' he added.
The routine of patrolling the zones also provides a form of cover for allied
aircraft preparing to launch an all-out air war.
Earlier Wednesday, U.S. and British planes attacked nine military targets in
southern Iraq. The headquarters for allied air forces in the Persian Gulf a
nnounced that the strikes were in response to Iraqi anti-aircraft artillery.
The targets included long-range artillery near the southern city of Basra an
d the nearby Al Faw peninsula near the Gulf coastline, plus three military c
ommunications sites. Also targeted was a mobile early-warning radar and an a
ir defense command and control site at the H-3 airfield complex in western I
raq near the Jordanian border.
U.S. aircraft also dropped nearly two million leaflets over southern Iraq wi
th a variety of messages, including, for the first time, instructions to Ira
qi troops on how to capitulate to avoid being killed.
--
Voici mon secret. Il est très simple:
on ne voit bien qu'avec le coeur.
L'essentiel est invisible pour les yeux.
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