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发信人: murjun (萧牧), 信区: English
标 题: 回顾:从原子弹到神州五(E)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月19日12:36:22 星期天), 站内信件
Feature: From A-bomb to Shenzhou-5
( 2003-10-17 15:34) (Xinhua)
China's first A-bomb exploded in 1964
The safe landing of China's first spaceman on the grassland of north China's
Inner Mongolia Thursday morning has made China the third country in the
world that has successfully sent man into space following the United States
and the former Soviet Union.
On the same day 39 years ago, the country exploded its first atom bomb,
shocking the rest of the world. It was followed by the successful explosion
of an H-bomb three years later. Then the first satellite that sang the tune
of "Dong Fang Hong" (The East Is Red) declared to the world that China had
mastered the artificial satellite technology.
China's first H-bomb exploded in 1967
The bombs and the satellite enabled China to snatch a commanding post in the
height of the world's science and technology and enhance the strength of
national defense, thus securing an important position in the international
arena. The world-shaking events made China, this ancient civilization where
the four major inventions of the world were born, able to stand aloft among
the forest of nations with great self-confidence.
The achievements have testified to the correctness of the policy decisions
the first generation of Chinese leadership headed by Mao Zedong took after
sizing up the then international situation following the A-bomb dropped by
the United States in Hiroshima, Japan.
China's first satellite: Dong Fang Hong I
"Without the A-bomb and the H-bomb and the satellite since the beginning of
the 1960s, China would not have been called a big power that influences the
world and China would not have had such an international position as it has
today. These things reflect the capabilities of a nation and also the
hallmark of prosperity of a nation and a country," said Deng Xiaoping, the
late Chinese leader who masterminded the economic reform and opening-up.
As the Chinese people were still immersing in the success of the A-bomb, H-
bomb and the satellite, a space dream was in the making. But the dream did
not come true until the 1980s due to limited economic strength. The manned
space flight program was not put on the agenda until March 1986, when China
listed the manned space flight program in the hi-tech development program
863 against the background that the United States was engaging in a star
war, Europe launched the "Eureka" program and the former Soviet Union
launched the accelerated development strategy.
Long March II rocket
Since China put the first satellite on orbit, China launched more than 50
satellites in 15 categories, with a success rate of more than 90 percent and
the satellite recovery technology reaching advanced world levels.
From the launch of the first rocket, the country has developed 12 types of
rockets, which have sent 70 Chinese and foreign satellites into the low
earth orbit, the geostationary orbit and the sun-synchronous orbit.
The space exploration project started toward the turn of the century. The
country launched four unmanned Shenzhou spaceships before proceeding with
the manned space flight.
Without the atomic and hydrogen tombs and the first satellite, there would
not have been commercial satellite launch service, nuclear power plants,
satellite-based communications and remote sensing or computer and
microelectronics industries, said an expert who is directing China's manned
space flight project.
Qian Xuesen
Zhao Zhongyao
Peng Huanwu
Over the past four decades, the space program has attracted a number of
China's top brains.
Among the first generation of Chinese space scientists and technicians, many
returned from abroad. They included renowned physicists Qian Xuesen, Zhao
Zhongyao and Peng Huanwu.
When asking about the reasons why they returned, Peng Huanwu, the first
Chinese physicist who had obtained the professorship in the UK, said "There
is no need of stating reasons for the return. what needs stating reasons is
not to return."
The R&D of space equipment has brought up a full generation of young
scientists. They include the 27-year-old rocket trouble detecting system
commander Liu Feng, the 29-year-old cosmonaut trainer Chen Xin, the 32-year-
old spaceship environmental control and life insurance system commander Liu
Xiulian and the 37-year- old spaceship system deputy chief designer Qing
Wenbo.
Among the space program contingent, more than 70 percent are young people
below 35. Among the designers and commanders of the manned spaceship, more
than 80 percent are young people under 40.
"There is a full force of successors to China's space program," said Wang
Yongzhi, 70-year-old academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering.
--
我非常喜欢在有风有雨的季节计划自己;
有风有雨后的季节晒着阳光我昏昏睡去;
睡去的我依然在甜梦中将曾有过的温习;
温习昨天前天等等的种种激情与过去。
Jim Mural
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