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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: A few reasons to celebrate
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Thu Jan 4 22:58:14 2007), 转信
Germany enjoys a turnaround, though not a second Wirtschaftswunder
Reuters
GERMANY’S rebounding economy will be the locomotive of Europe again by 2008
, if not in 2007. That is the prognosis of several leading economic research
institutes at the turn of the year. The government’s slow progress with
economic reform seems irrelevant to business and investment growth. Unemployment
, though still high at a seasonally-adjusted 9.8%, is sinking.
The latest figures from the Federal Labour Agency released on Wednesday January
3rd confirmed that the dark days experienced in 2005, when some 5m were
unemployed, are well and truly over. The number of jobless fell to just below
4m in November and, seasonally adjusted, were held to be roughly the same
in December—that is nearly half a million fewer than in the same month
the previous year. It also represents the biggest single drop in the jobless
total since reunification.
For Germans who were hit with a 3% increase in value-added tax (VAT) on January
1st that is some kind of consolation. Long lines formed at petrol stations
the day before as drivers filled their tank at the old rate. In fact the
VAT increase, from 16% to 19%, affects only around half the goods and services
bought by the average household and will add an estimated 1.4% to inflation
. It has been offset by a reduction in some social security payments and
is expected to have only a marginal dampening effect on overall economic
growth. Many retailers are holding prices steady, absorbing the VAT increase
themselves, just to keep people buying.
Hence the buoyant forecast released on January 3rd by the German Institute
for Economic Research (DIW) in Berlin. It foresees a 2.5% growth in real
GDP in 2008, compared with 2.3% last year—despite a slight dip in between
to 1.7% in 2007 as various tax increases are digested. The forces for economic
growth are so robust, says DIW, that the dampening effect will be only temporary
.
The key to the rebound has been the repositioning of German companies in
the global marketplace: they have cut costs viciously over the past two years
, invested abroad, and held down wages. That has given them a competitive
advantage over rivals in France, Italy and Spain, where wages soared, and
allowed them to hold their own even against challengers from Asia and central
Europe. A year and a half ago such a turnaround hardly seemed possible.
But it is clear now that Germany is well into the upward curve of a typical
eight-to-nine-year investment cycle. The business confidence index published
by the Ifo Institute for Economic Research in Munich has spent the past
year signalling a boom. Exports have had a considerable impact on growth,
helped for now by a resilient world economy.
Households will take a while to follow the trend and allow themselves more
of a splurge. Domestic consumption has been picking up, but only in the
more predictable areas of transport and communications (cars and electronic
goods), leisure and entertainment. Consumers are still holding back when
it comes to spending on food, holidays at home and clothes. (Bavarian innkeepers
are suffering because they cannot compete with cut-price air travel.)
It is fitting that Germany should show economic leadership coinciding with
its six-month presidency of the European Union and its hosting of a G8 economic
summit in June. Angela Merkel, the chancellor, has been clever at playing
down public expectations from her stuttering programme of economic reforms
. It seems that German companies have led a turnaround despite rather than
because of the year-old government’s reform efforts. And, as Ms Merkel
herself admits, unemployment is still the country’s most pressing problem
: the unemployment rate in some parts of former East Germany is still close
to 25%. The German recovery is not yet a second economic miracle, or Wirtschaftswunder
, as the country enjoyed after the war.
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困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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