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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Africa's Titanic problem
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Apr 6 08:03:10 2007), 转信
Apr 5th 2007 | HARARE
From Economist.com
Zimbabweans are fed up with a dreadful economy
AFP
JUDGING by the pot-holes, rusting street lamps, broken traffic lights and
pencil-thin residents of Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, the former model
of an African economy is at the end of its tether. The water supply fails
in much of Harare as frequent electricity cuts hit. With each passing month
the city is darker, a bit more decrepit and home to more child-beggars.
Those with jobs are forced to walk for hours to get home, as wages no longer
cover the cost of public transport. A two-day national strike over pay called
by the country's trade unions that ended on Wednesday April 4th made little
impression. Many workers passed on the opportunity to air their grievances
and to call for a minimum wage, perhaps sensing that it would have little
effect on the ruling regime.
Hunger is spreading. Life expectancy has dropped to roughly 35 years as AIDS
and lack of food bite. More families skip meals entirely. Any spare bit
of earth is tilled, even in the city centre. Urban cemeteries and roadside
verges are now planted with maize. The road to the airport is dotted with
agricultural plots. The country’s bakeries are closing, unable to sell
bread at the make-believe fixed prices ordered by the government. Cooking
oil, among other basic commodities, can no longer be found.
There are many reasons why political tension is so high in Zimbabwe right
now: sharp divisions in the ruling Zanu-PF party; a series of violent attacks
by police on the opposition Movement for Democratic Change this month; increasing
pressure from neighbours fed up with the turmoil in the country. Recently
Zambia’s president, Levy Mwanawasa, likened Zimbabwe to the Titanic and
called on others in the region to help bring about change there.
But an underlying cause of the tension is the clapped-out economy. Hunger
, frustration, joblessness and anger that a once-successful African country
is falling to bits are helping to pull angry young men onto the streets.
Probably more important, the economic woes are beginning to persuade close
allies of Mr Mugabe that it is time for the old despot to hang up his boots
.
For now the government has no idea what to do, so it prints money as fast
as the presses allow. Hyper inflation is spinning out of control—it is
likely to reach 5000% by the year’s end. Many shops dispense with price
tags. Monthly wages are spent immediately, before the notes become worthless
. Unsurprisingly, the currency is dropping faster than a stone down a well
. In this financial fantasy-land ATMs spit out half-a-million dollars at
a time and every other man on the street trades in foreign currency. Speculation
on the local stockmarket has become extreme as investors borrow from banks
and bet on shares rising in ever greater leaps. One day, soon, notes a local
economist, it will all come crashing down.
For eight straight years the economy has been contracting; it has shrunk
by half since 1999. The collapse of agriculture, after Mr Mugabe snatched
commercial farms to give to political cronies, is one big problem. Lack
of confidence in the rule of law deters investors. A once booming tourist
industry is all but dead, with safari lovers deterred by violent repression
. Most aid money stopped long ago. The rapid spread of corruption does not
help either. Some 3m Zimbabweans, many of the brightest and best trained
, have fled the country in the past few years. More run for the border every
day. The money they send home to relatives—no one knows exactly, but guesses
are that $400m is returned each year—is proving to be the only lifeline
for some.
Where next for Zimbabwe? Political change will come before the economic sort
. Most likely a scrap within the ruling party will, eventually, force Mr
Mugabe to go. If a semi-decent government is formed and democratic elections
are called, some sort of rebound should follow, at least if donors, tourists
and investors are reassured. South Africa, especially, is likely to lead
efforts to invest. But experience in other bits of Africa, such as Uganda
under Idi Amin, shows that destroying an economy is done far quicker than
rebuilding it. What has taken a decade or so to sink is likely to take a
generation to get afloat again.
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困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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