English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Air pressure
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Apr 6 08:04:54 2007), 转信
Apr 4th 2007
From Economist.com
America's Supreme Court rules on the environment
AFP/Reuters
THROUGHOUT George Bush’s presidency, the federal government has refused
to countenance any regulation of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming
. Whenever the subject comes up, officials tend to mumble about uncertainties
. But on Monday April 2nd, in its most important environmental decision for
many years, the Supreme Court at last settled one of the biggest outstanding
questions: whether the government has the authority to curb emissions in
the first place.
The court ruled, by the slenderest of margins, that the Clean Air Act—a
law from the 1960s designed to combat smog and acid rain-gives the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) the power to regulate carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse
gas. It also said the EPA would need an excuse grounded in the original
law if it decided not to use this power. It dismissed the justifications
the EPA had provided for inaction—that emissions from American cars were
insignificant in the grand scheme of things and that unilateral action by
America would undermine efforts to achieve international consensus on global
warming—as inadequate. Strictly speaking, the decision applies only to
emissions from vehicles, but another, similar case involving coal-fired power
plants is pending in a lower court. The EPA says it is now examining the
ruling.
It might examine it for some time, of course. Any regulations it comes up
with in response might still defer action into the distant future, since
the law allows the EPA to delay implementation until appropriate technology
can be acquired at a reasonable cost. Even if it proceeds quite swiftly,
a new president and Congress with globe-cooling ideas of their own will
be in place long before any new rules come into effect.
That suits the environmental lobby just fine. They hope the ruling will spur
Congress to address global warming with proper legislation. After all, it
makes little sense for such an important issue to be tackled tangentially
through a 40-year-old law. At the very least, they can use the ruling to
rally the faithful and shame climate-change sceptics in next year’s elections
. And if 2009 sees the inauguration of a greener president, he or she will
now have the power to dictate stricter fuel efficiency, in the form of lower
CO2 emissions, without reference to Congress. If the lawsuit involving power
plants goes the same way, the new president will be able to enforce across
-the-board cuts in emissions by fiat. As Barbara Boxer, an environmentally
-minded senator from California, stated gleefully, “This decision puts the
wind at our back.”
That is true of California in particular. In 2002, the state assembly passed
a law regulating emissions of CO2 from vehicles, based on a provision of
the Clean Air Act that allows California to adopt stricter pollution standards
than the federal government (other states can then choose to follow the
Californian standards if they wish). Carmakers have challenged the law, in
part on the ground that CO2 was not an air pollutant—a notion the Supreme
Court has now comprehensively quashed.
California still needs a waiver from the EPA in order to enforce its own
emissions standards. The EPA will presumably hesitate to withhold its permission
after its setback in court. But it might argue that California does not
face the “compelling and extraordinary conditions” the law requires before
stricter standards can be imposed. That would prompt another protracted
legal battle. On the one hand, global warming is, as its name suggests, a
global problem. On the other, a big share of California’s water supply
is threatened by decreasing snowfalls in the Sierra Nevada mountains-a change
attributed to global warming.
The car industry, at any rate, seems rattled by the ruling. Its trade group
quickly declared that the issue of global warming is best handled by at
the federal level by Congress. Thanks to the Supreme Court, that now seems
more likely.
--
困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 211.151.90.150]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:3.464毫秒