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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: The long arm of al-Qaeda
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Apr 13 13:42:39 2007), 转信
Apr 12th 2007 | ALGIERS
From The Economist print edition
Who is behind the latest terrorist bombs in north Africa?
Reuters
THE bombs that shook Algiers and ripped the fa?ade off the prime minister
’s office this week, killing some 30 people, suggest a worrying resurgence
of the country’s Islamist militants since they rebranded themselves as
al-Qaeda’s official arm in the Maghreb. This week’s counter-attack on bombers
in Morocco raises similar questions. But they were probably different sorts
of terrorists. There is no presumption yet that al-Qaeda has effectively
activated a joint north African front, though it would surely like to do
so.
It is the first time in years that Algeria’s capital has been attacked on
such a scale. Earlier this year there were terrorist shootings in Tunisia
. In Morocco this week four suicide bombers died in Casablanca as they were
cornered by security forces, while several other terrorist plots in Europe
have been linked to north African militants. America worries that the vast
ungoverned spaces of the Sahara desert could provide sanctuary for jihadists
.
For the moment, the biggest danger is in Algeria, where militants have been
hardened in a brutal insurgency following an Islamist election victory in
1991 annulled by the army; at least 100,000 people were killed before the
civil war dwindled, but did not entirely die out, after 1999. The Salafist
Group for Preaching and Combat, better known by its French acronym, the
GSPC, emerged at the insurgency’s forefront. But it has been hard hit by
Algeria’s security forces and by losing fighters thanks to government amnesties
.
The group has long allied itself to al-Qaeda, but last autumn announced a
formal merger with it. On the anniversary of the September 11th attacks
on America, Ayman al-Zawahiri, al-Qaeda’s deputy leader, declared that the
union would be a “thorn in the neck of the American and French Crusaders
and their allies”. In January, the GSPC renamed itself the al-Qaeda Organisation
in the Islamic Maghreb, echoing what the late Abu Musab al-Zarqawi called
his terrorist group in Iraq.
There have been rumours that the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, another al
-Qaeda ally, is set to join the union. But Western monitors say this is causing
a rift between those wanting to fight Muammar Qaddafi’s regime and exiles
hiding in Pakistan who want to join al-Qaeda at large.
Is all this just propaganda to revive the flagging spirits of north African
insurgents, or the opening of a new front in the global jihad? Two bomb
attacks against foreign oil workers in Algeria hint that the group has adopted
the al-Qaeda policy of killing foreigners. But this week’s bombings in
Algiers are more in keeping with the GSPC’s tradition of hitting the Algerian
state.
Still, some of al-Qaeda’s modus operandi is evident: the seven near-simultaneous
bombs against security forces in February, and this week’s apparent use
of suicide bombers, a rare tactic in Algeria. Many north Africans have joined
Iraq’s insurgency; veterans are apparently returning to wage jihad at home
or in Europe.
The jihadists stirring next door in Morocco so far seem less proficient than
their Algerian cousins. Last year King Muhammad ended military conscription
and reorganised much of his security apparatus after Islamists infiltrated
his armed forces. The trial of 50 people accused of trying to overthrow
the monarchy is due to begin in May. Separately, security forces have been
unravelling a web of militants said to have been planning suicide-bomb attacks
on foreign ships, hotels and police buildings.
The police got a lucky break last month, when the group’s suspected leader
got into a row with the owner of an internet café in Casablanca who apparently
objected to him reading jihadist web sites, locked the door and tried to
call the police. In the following weeks, police arrested 24 suspects.
Then, early on April 10th, they surrounded a safe house in the city. One
man blew himself up in what witnesses said was a cloud of red mist while
a second was shot dead as he fumbled with his suicide belt. Two others who
escaped later blew themselves up. The gang leader and several of those arrested
had been freed from prison under a pardon in 2005 after being jailed following
a wave of suicide-bombings that killed 45 people in 2003.
Morocco’s communications minister says the bombers did not seem to have
external links. “It really appears to be an amateur group, since the explosives
we found on them and in the caches we discovered were basic and homemade
, from household items.”
Maybe so. The scale of al-Qaeda’s involvement in the Maghreb is still uncertain
. And though its ideology of waging jihad against the West appeals strongly
to some, the al-Qaeda bombing of Arab civilian targets—for instance, in
Jordan in 2005—has stirred widespread local revulsion. Will it do the same
in the Maghreb
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