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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Pie in the sky
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sun Apr 15 06:50:40 2007), 转信
Apr 14th 2007
From Economist.com
Russian boasts for lunar industrialisation fall short of reality
AFP
THE moon appears to warp the minds of some men. In folklore unlucky souls
are said to transform into werewolves under its influence. But the malign
sway of the Earth’s satellite is evident beyond the realm of fantasy. Despite
putting men on the moon in 1969 America seems hell-bent on re-enacting the
space race, this time pitting its efforts against those of the Chinese.
Now a Russian company claims it could develop a system to exploit the moon
’s natural resources and potentially relocate harmful industries there.
This is lunacy.
Russia certainly has great prowess in space. In its former guise as the centre
of power in the Soviet Union it launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik
, in 1957. In a spectacular follow up, Yuri Gagarin became the first person
in space in 1961. Another triumph came in 1968 when the Russians sent a
spaceship to orbit the moon with turtles aboard, returning it and its living
cargo safely to Earth. An unmanned Russian spacecraft also landed on the
moon ahead of the first manned landing by the Americans. Even after Neil
Armstrong took his one small step, Russia has proved its superiority in
keeping people in space stations orbiting the Earth. The Russian Soyuz rocket
is a mainstay of satellite launches and would be used to rescue astronauts
should any accident befall the International Space Station.
Nikolai Sevastianov, head of RKK Energia, the spacecraft manufacturer that
helped achieve these Russian successes, this week boasted that his rockets
could be used to industrialise the moon. So why were his remarks greeted
with such scepticism? Mr Sevastianov told a news agency, “It is time to
think about the industrial development of the moon. We are sometimes criticised
for making such suggestions too early. But it is time to do this given the
limits to natural reserves on Earth and the pace of civilisation’s progress
. Nor can we dismiss the idea of outsourcing harmful industries into space
.”
One reason for the cynicism is that the idea is absurd. A United Nations
treaty passed in 1967 bans potentially harmful interference with the Earth
’s original satellite and requires international consultation before proceeding
with any activity that could disrupt the peaceful exploration of space,
including the moon. A second problem is that landing on the moon has proved
beyond the budget of any state other than America and of any private company
to date. Russian rockets are perfectly capable of orbiting the Earth’s
original satellite—as was proved 40 years ago—but landing involves a lot
more capability and expense than is at present feasible. Moreover the proposals
for “industrialisation” are woefully short on detail. Mr Sevastianov's
claim is all to do with getting more money for his company.
In fact one of the best hopes for investment comes from space tourism. On
Saturday April 7th, the fifth such holidaymaker entered space aboard a Russian
Soyuz rocket. Charles Simonyi, an American software developer, paid $25m
for his ten-day sojourn at the International Space Station. The next holiday
destination is the moon. Space Adventures, the tour operator that organised
the first five packages, is offering two tickets to orbit the moon for $
100m each. Launch would be aboard a Soyuz spacecraft. But the Soyuz system
was designed in the 1960s and has been on the verge of retirement for many
years. Unfortunately for Mr Sevastianov the Russian authorities have postponed
indefinitely the development of a successor, despite RKK Energia having
gone to the considerable expense of developing some new designs.
Hence the fuss. The new designs, which have been stuck at the concept stage
for many years, were not put together with the purpose of a lunar landing
in mind. Nevertheless, they could be modified for that purpose. Hence Mr
Sevastianov’s exaggerated claims that a Russian company could help to industrialise
the moon, if only the investment were forthcoming. It is unlikely to succeed
. Like companies offering trips to that other inaccessible and stateless
wilderness, Antarctica, Mr Sevastianov would be better off concentrating
on tourism.
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困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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