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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Pay-back time
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Tue Apr 17 09:10:30 2007), 转信
Pay-back time
Apr 16th 2007
From Economist.com
Can Sallie Mae’s new owners pay off their debts with student loans?
Photodisc
NEW graduates in America are used to facing an uncertain future while saddled
with hefty debts. Now Sallie Mae, the firm that provides many of them with
the financial wherewithal to complete their education, will understand how
they feel. On Monday April 16th it was announced that two private-equity
firms along with two banks, JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America, had agreed
to pay $25 billion for America’s leading student-loan provider.
The price is high—a 50% premium over Sallie Mae’s share price before rumours
of a bid began circulating (see chart)—and will be financed with new borrowing
that accounts for two-thirds of the price. It does not take a heavily indebted
MBA student to work out that the two private-equity firms that will acquire
just over half of the business, J.C. Flowers and Friedman Fleischer & Lowe
, are taking a gamble even though the industry is booming.
In the past decade the market for student loans has doubled to around $85
billion a year. Student numbers have swelled while incomes have failed to
keep pace with the soaring cost of college education. Sallie Mae has over
a quarter of the entire business in America, making both federally guaranteed
and private loans to 10m borrowers worth $142 billion. And though margins
are wafer-thin the firm made a profit of $1.2 billion last year.
This profitability has attracted the interest of both Democratic and Republican
lawmakers, seeking ways to save money while making education more affordable
. The huge sums—about $90 billion last year—that the federal government
spent on grants, loans and other help for students is an inviting target
for cutbacks. Particularly vulnerable is the proportion doled out to big
and profitable private companies like Sallie Mae to subsidise affordable
government-backed loans. These now account for around 85% of its lending
. The firm’s shares sagged in February when George Bush’s budget proposed
a reduction of these subsidies. Moreover, the House of Representatives voted
in January to cut interest rates on government-backed loans in half to 3
.4%, though both the Senate and Mr Bush must agree before this becomes law
.
Sharp practice is another concern for American guardians of the law. Last
week, as part of an ongoing investigation of the student-loan industry by
New York’s attorney-general, Sallie Mae agreed to pay a $2m settlement
and to adopt a code of conduct after allegations that it used deceptive sales
techniques. But the putative new owners must have detected some bright spots
amid the general gloom.
Sallie Mae’s profits and healthy cash-flow are a draw for private equity
. And the involvement of the two banks could prove useful for plugging any
gap in financing, if the firm’s credit rating slips following the assumption
of so much debt. It helps that Sallie Mae is also making money beyond its
core business. The market for private loans, without government subsidies
or guarantees, is growing fast as the cost of education grows while the
size of federal loans that students can take out has remained flat. This
sort of loan is nicely profitable because lenders can levy high interest
rates. Some 15% of Sallie Mae’s loans are of this variety. New graduates
are also targets: Sallie Mae has built a big debt-collection arm for reluctant
repayers and a college-fund business for fast breeders.
Even the renewed interest from politicians could play into Sallie Mae’s
hands. The lure of profits over the past decade has drawn more lenders into
the business. Any future regulations or legislation that might shave profit
margins further could deter new entrants or force smaller lenders out of
the business. In which case Sallie Mae would have the chance to grab new
customers to offset any slimming of margins. But despite all the safeguards
, students are high risk borrowers who quickly amass big debts. Sallie Mae
, like many of the students it serves, could wake up one day with a nasty
hangover and little recollection about how it came about.
--
困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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