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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: After the massacre
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Apr 18 10:47:16 2007), 转信
Apr 17th 2007 | NEW YORK
From Economist.com
Despite the shootings in Virginia, Americans don't seem to want more gun
control
Reuters
IT IS surely an American oddity that, after the worst mass shooting in the
country’s history, some are already saying that such horrors would be less
likely if only guns were easier to own and carry. Americans love firearms
. The second item in the constitution’s bill of rights, just after freedom
of speech, religion, assembly and the press, is the right to bear arms.
It is part of the national religion.
Mass killings remain rare events, whatever outsiders might think, and they
also happen in other countries, including those with tight rules on gun
ownership. But life in modern America is punctuated frighteningly often by
such attacks. Making any sort of accurate international comparison is tricky
, but some attempts have been tried. The International Action Network on
Small Arms (IANSA), an activist group, counts 41 school shootings in America
since 1996, which have claimed 110 lives, including those in Virginia this
week. IANSA also looks at school shootings in 80 other countries. Culling
from media reports, they count only 14 school gun killings outside America
in the same period. Putting aside the Beslan massacre in Russia—committed
by an organised terrorist group—school shootings in all those countries
claimed just 59 victims.
As striking are the overall rates of violent death by handguns in America
. The country is filled with 200m guns, half the world’s privately-owned
total. Residents of other countries may fret that criminals, gang-members
and insane individuals are increasingly likely to use guns and knives. But
in comparison with America, few other developed countries have much to worry
about. The gun-murder rate in America is more than 30 times that of England
and Wales, for example. Canada—like America, a “frontier” country with
high rates of gun ownership—sees far fewer victims shot down: the firearm
murder-rate south of the Canadian border is vastly higher than the rate
north of it. America may not quite lead the world in gun murders (South Africa
probably holds that dubious title) but it has a dismally prominent position
.
What might be done to improve matters in America? The intuitive answer, at
least for Europeans and those who live in countries where guns are less
easily available, is that laws must be tightened to make it harder to obtain
and use such weapons. Not only might that reduce the frequency of criminal
acts, goes the argument, but it may also cut the number of accidental deaths
and suicides.
Yet some in America are reaching the opposite conclusion. Within hours of
the shootings in Virginia on Monday April 16th, a conservative blogger was
quoting a Roman military historian, suggesting that “if you want peace,
prepare for war” (“si vis pacem, para bellum”). Others put it more bluntly
: “an armed society is a polite society”. Virginia’s gun laws are generally
permissive. Any adult can buy a handgun after a brief background check (
as required by federal law), and anyone who legally owns a handgun and who
asks for a permit to carry a concealed weapon must be granted such a permit
. Yet Virginia Tech, like many schools and universities, is a gun-free zone
. Gun advocates are daring to say that if Virginia Tech allowed concealed
weapons, someone might have stopped the rampaging killer. To gun-control
advocates, this is self-evident madness.
The issue remains one of America’s many culture wars, dominated by an uncompromising
dialogue between two extreme camps. Western and southern states, libertarians
and American exceptionalists believe that guns are part of the national
fabric. They say the second amendment is plain: “the right of the People
to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.” Gun-control advocates note
the introductory clause to that amendment, “A well regulated militia being
necessary to the security of a free State”, and say that the framers of
the constitution never intended America to be packed with citizens bearing
private weapons.
In recent years the right-to-arms camp have been getting stronger. Even Democrats
are shifting in favour. The Democratic presidential candidates carried only
one state in the south or mountain West in 2000 and 2004, so the party has
decided that, to win at the national level again, it must drop support for
gun control. That strategy seemed to work in the congressional elections
of 2006, when pro-gun Democrats did well. The likes of Jon Tester, a new
senator in Montana, and Heath Shuler, a North Carolina congressional freshman
, did much bragging about their lifelong gun ownership and support for the
second amendment.
This suggests that, though gun laws may be tweaked after the Virginia massacre
, there will be little significant change to come. The Columbine killings
of 1999 failed to provoke any shift in Americans’ attitudes to guns. There
is no reason to believe that this massacre, or the next one, will do so
either.
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困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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