English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Inflation shock
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Wed Apr 18 10:49:25 2007), 转信
Apr 17th 2007
From Economist.com
A surprise rise in British inflation; and a pound now costs $2
MERVYN KING, governor of the Bank of England, has long cherished the ambition
of making British monetary policy boring. Instead it has become rather exciting
thanks to the announcement of an unexpected jump in inflation. Scenting
a rise in interest rates when the bank’s monetary-policy committee (MPC)
next meets in early May, foreign-exchange dealers responded by pushing sterling
just above $2 on Tuesday April 17th, the first time it has reached this
iconic level since September 1992.
The consensus forecast in the markets was that consumer-price inflation would
stay steady in the year to March at 2.8%, the same as in February. Instead
it rose to 3.1%, the highest since August 1992. That number may not sound
iconic but it matters a lot under the current arrangement for monetary policy
.
The framework was set by Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer (Britain
’s finance minister), almost immediately after Labour won power in May 1997
. Mr Brown granted the bank operational independence to set interest rates
and gave it the task of ensuring that inflation stayed at the government
’s target, which is currently 2% a year for consumer prices. If inflation
strayed by more than a percentage point in either direction, the bank’s
governor would have to write an open letter to the chancellor explaining
why this had happened and what the MPC proposed to do about it.
When the arrangement was established, the chances of such a public letter
seemed high given the past volatility of inflation. Calculations in 1998
by Charles Bean of the London School of Economics, who subsequently became
the bank’s chief economist, suggested that inflation was likely to be more
than a percentage point away from the target around 40% of the time. Now
, for the first time in the past ten years—ironically on the eve of the
tenth anniversary of the bank’s independence—a governor has had to put
pen to paper.
Mr King’s letter may have been a first but it contained little to add to
the stress levels of City analysts, already caught out by guessing the inflation
figure wrong. In a crucial sentence, the governor said that the news seemed
“unlikely to alter the broad picture painted in the February [Inflation
] Report”, when it last published its quarterly economic outlook.
That suggests two things. First, the bank dropped the broadest of hints in
that report that it would raise interest rates by a further quarter-point
before too long. One of its projections showed that if the base rate were
held at 5.25%, inflation would exceed the 2% target in two years’ time,
the period that it takes for monetary policy to have its maximum effect
on prices. A rate rise to 5.5% now looks a near certainty when the MPC meets
on May 10th.
Second, the bank remains pretty confident that inflation is lapping close
to its high-water mark and will soon recede fast to around 2%. Mr King reminded
the chancellor in his letter that the central outlook in the February report
was for “inflation to fall a little below the target by the end of this
year, before settling at around the target during the following year”.
The main reason for this confidence is that gas and electricity prices, which
climbed exceptionally fast in 2006, are expected to fall sharply this year
.
Still, the bank remains rightly concerned about underlying inflationary pressures
. Monetary growth has been rapid and there has been a resurgence in house
-price inflation. And, although recent pay deals have been surprisingly subdued
, there are worrying signs that businesses now feel they can push through
price increases. The bank is likely to remain quite hawkish until it is
sure that inflationary expectations have been bolted back to the 2% target
. Interest rates have already risen from 4.5% last summer to 5.25%. Britain
’s inflation surprise increases the likelihood that they could rise to as
high as 5.75% later this year.
--
困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 211.151.90.150]
Powered by KBS BBS 2.0 (http://dev.kcn.cn)
页面执行时间:2.309毫秒