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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: How to steal an election
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Apr 20 07:21:36 2007), 转信
Apr 18th 2007 | ABUJA, AWKA
From Economist.com
The opposition may boycott the presidential vote
EPA/Reuters
THIS month’s elections in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country and its
leading oil producer, had been touted as a chance to embed democracy there
. Since a relatively smooth transition to civilian rule in 1999, after two
disastrous decades of military dictatorships, the challenge has been to
get one civilian government to hand power on to another.
The presidential election in particular, scheduled to take place later this
week, was supposed to herald a new chapter in Nigeria’s democratic advance
. Olusegun Obasanjo is supposed to hand power over to his elected successor
, the first such transition since independence in 1960. That may still happen
, but at a dreadful price. The lengths to which Mr Obasanjo’s ruling party
, the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), has gone to cling to power has discredited
so many of Nigeria’s institutions and office-holders that the country now
seems more a prisoner of its bleak past than a beacon for the future.
So blatant was vote-rigging and fraud in the 36 state elections last weekend
that, on Tuesday April 17th, all the opposition parties demanded that those
elections be voided and the presidential poll be postponed. On Wednesday
the government rejected the call.
Mr Obasanjo is largely responsible. In 2005 the former general, who had won
elections in 1999 and 2003, began a campaign to overturn the constitutional
provision on presidential term-limits to let him run for a third time. After
he was thwarted by a Senate vote in May of last year, he turned on his opponents
to stop them running too, thus allowing his party henchmen to hang on to
thousands of oil-soaked, political offices, from the presidency downwards
, that offer such easy opportunities for chronic corruption.
The result has been a chaotic, divisive and embittering electoral process
. Over the past year the country’s courts have been deployed to try and
keep hundreds of candidates off the ballot, most of them opponents of the
PDP. The most prominent of them is the vice-president, Atiku Abubakar, who
, after many court actions against him, only got the go-ahead to run as president
on April 16th.
Worse, Mr Obasanjo has pursued his highly partisan campaign by manipulating
the few reforming institutions in the country, such as the anti-corruption
agency, to raise excuses for blocking opponents. The performance of the
Independent National Electoral Commission, whose bosses were all appointed
by the presidency, has been inept. In many local elections it seemed to
be a creature of the government gubernatorial candidate.
The result of all this pre-election legal confusion and gerrymandering was
amply in evidence on April 14th in the gubernatorial elections. In Anambra
state, for example, opposition candidates were blocked from standing and
there was plenty of rigging on the day itself. Many polling stations simply
failed to open, or did not have enough materials, particularly a register
, to begin any voting. On a tour of about 12 polling stations your correspondent
did not find one ballot being cast, just angry mobs of frustrated would-
be voters saying that they had been “disenfranchised”. Barely any polling
-stations got a results-sheet, on which the officials and the party agents
are supposed to record the number of votes cast for each party; presumably
these were being filled in elsewhere.
Things were particularly bad in the oil-rich Delta region, where patently
false 95% turn-outs were being recorded in some areas. Voters were routinely
intimidated by gunmen who also stole ballot-boxes in front of journalists
. An observer from Human Rights Watch, a pressure-group, described the vote
-rigging as “shameless”. Privately, EU observers said that in half-a-dozen
states there was no real election. Some 50 people are said to have died
in violence and protesters burned down several election commission offices
.
Mr Obasanjo’s ruling party won, surprise, at least 26 of the 32-or-so declared
states in the local elections. The signs are that the rigging is worse this
time than in other elections since 1999. For many, Nigeria is rapidly going
backwards. Just like old times, politicians seem able to break laws with
impunity to enrich themselves. Now the opposition seems ready to boycott
the presidential election on April 21st. That decision may change, but many
Nigerians already discount these polls as a meaningless charade.
--
困境有一种特殊的科学价值,有智慧的人是不会放弃这个通过它而进行学习的机会的。
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