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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: Nigeria's uncertain election
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Apr 21 16:41:17 2007), 转信
Apr 21st 2007 | ABUJA
From Economist.com
The presidential poll in Africa's biggest country risks being a shambles,
if it is held at all
AFP
WHO exactly would contest Nigeria’s presidential election on Saturday April
21st, or whether there would be an election at all, remained in doubt up
to the last minute. During the week the main opposition candidates had threatened
a boycott, in protest at the rigging of earlier local elections. Then, with
the opposition apparently persuaded that co-operation would make sense,
it emerged that the preparations for the polls have been shambolic. With
hours to go before the polling stations were supposed to open, it emerged
that no ballot papers were in the country.
The election is tremendously important for Africa’s most populous nation
. If it goes well—which now seems extremely unlikely—Nigeria will have
done a little bit to redeem the violent and fraudulent state elections of
last week. If it goes badly, again, expect a worsening political crisis.
For a start, the opening of polling stations was postponed by a couple of
hours. But there seemed a dismal likelihood of getting the ballot papers
into the country on time and then distributing them to the far-flung corners
of Nigeria, given the poor transport and communication systems available
.
The omens are thus far from good. There was vote-rigging on a massive scale
in last Saturday’s elections, most of it perpetrated by candidates and
supporters of the ruling party, the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). That
rigging was condemned by many foreign and domestic election observers. The
opposition parties demanded the postponement of the presidential race, but
on April 19th they agreed to take part, even though it remained unclear
whether the names of the main opposition candidates would finally be included
on the ballot papers.
The tense atmosphere has been heightened by attacks by militant Islamists
in the northern state of Kano. Probably in revenge for the killing of an
Islamic preacher on April 13th, a few days later a gang of gunmen, known
locally as the Taliban, killed 13 people in an assault on a police station
. The army responded with an all-out attack on their stronghold in Kano,
and another 40-or so people were killed. Political tension often provokes
religious sectarianism in this huge and ethnically diverse country; these
incidents have reawakened fears that disaffected Muslim youths in the north
might be easy recruits for al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. There is
now a dawn-to-dusk curfew in Kano state.
None of the three main presidential candidates seems to offer much hope of
a solution to this or other of Nigeria’s myriad problems, such as poverty
, corruption, wretched supplies of electricity and the like. All the candidates
are tired old faces on Nigeria’s political scene, reminders of the country
’s failed and militaristic past. All come with plenty of baggage. For the
opposition, Muhammadu Buhari is a former president and general whose time
in power is remembered mainly for political oppression. Atiku Abubakar,
the current vice-president, has been accused of corruption by the government
’s anti-graft watchdog.
Both of them, however, at least parrot the much-vaunted reform programme
of the outgoing president, Olusegun Obasanjo. That programme has offered
Nigerians a little bit of hope. The government has targeted corruption at
all levels, in politics, the police and in business, and has had some success
in jailing miscreants. It has reformed the banking sector to squeeze out
dodgy banks and encouraged more transparency. It has had some macro-economic
success, cutting inflation and earning debt relief. Nigeria now runs a huge
budget surplus.
These are big achievements and so the ruling party’s candidate, Umaru Yar
’Adua, is the frontrunner. A little-known state governor from the north,
he was foisted on the PDP by Mr Obasanjo, who, if his protégé wins, is
thus expected to remain a force behind the scenes. He will appeal mostly
to Muslim northern Nigeria; his running-mate, Goodluck Jonathan, is a Christian
southerner, thus balancing the ticket. Mr Jonathan will also be expected
to try to tackle the raging insurgency in the oil-producing southern Delta
region.
Unlike most of Nigeria’s governors, Mr Yar’Adua has a good record for improving
his state rather than embezzling. On a national level, that alone would
mark a big step forwards; the country’s own officials say that its leaders
have stolen about $400 billion of public money since independence in 1960
, equivalent to some two-thirds of all the aid money given to the whole of
Africa in the same period.
But if Mr Yar’Adua wins as a result of widespread rigging, that could destabilise
an already angry country, putting the gains of the past few years at risk
. The fear is civil unrest and intolerable tension as courts and election
tribunals row about the result, as is now happening over many of the state
elections results.
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