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发信人: Porod (扬之水◎Love in One Day), 信区: English
标 题: War in the Horn
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Apr 28 07:53:21 2007), 转信
Apr 26th 2007 | ADDIS ABABA
From Economist.com
Islamist insurgents are not yet crushed
AFP
THE UN says that at least 340,000 Somalis have fled their capital, Mogadishu
, in the recent weeks of fighting there. Thousands more are trapped along
the frontlines inside the city, under fire, packed in with rotting corpses
, and unable to find a way out. At least 1,300 have been killed so far this
month, most of them civilians. Ethiopian artillery has demolished chunks
of the already rubble-strewn city. On Thursday April 26th, after the heaviest
fighting yet, Somalia’s prime minister, Mohamed Ghedi, said that an Islamist
-inspired insurgency is almost squashed. The reality may be rather different
.
The Somali transitional government, backed by Ethiopia, says it is in a do
-or-die struggle with al-Qaeda. A few more days of shelling, it says, and
it will have the upper hand. But the insurgents are getting stronger, striking
with machinegunners, snipers and suicide-bombers, then melting back into
their communities. A contingent of 1,000-plus Ugandan peacekeepers under
African Union command has remained impotently confined to barracks.
Most of the displaced civilians are encamped on Mogadishu’s outskirts, where
the scenes are medieval. People lack water, food and shelter. Cholera has
broken out. The sick sometimes have to pay rent even to sit in the shade
of trees. Things will get worse with the rains, which have started. Aid
agencies say people will soon start dying in large numbers. Some reckon Somalia
is facing its biggest humanitarian crisis, worse than in the early 1990s
, when the state collapsed amid famine and slaughter.
An additional worry this time is that Somalia may be drawn into the international
jihad. Somali Islamists are getting training and arms from Eritrea, which
wants to fight a proxy war with Ethiopia in Somalia, and money from Arabs
in the Middle East. Radical Muslims around the world are likely to blame
supposedly Christian Ethiopia and America for the mayhem in Mogadishu. That
ignores the fact that the Ethiopians were invited in by a Muslim Somali
government and have been longing to leave ever since.
America can be more heavily criticised for subordinating Somali interests
to its own desire to catch a handful of al-Qaeda men who may (or may not
) have been hiding in Mogadishu. None has been caught, many innocents have
died in air strikes, and anti-American feeling has deepened. Western, especially
European, diplomats watching Somalia from Nairobi, the capital of Kenya
to the south, have sounded the alarm. Their governments have done little.
That reflects a feeling of fatigue among outsiders who have been trying for
years to persuade the Somalis to negotiate a new deal for themselves. The
officially-recognised but feeble Somali transitional government, the elders
of the Hawiye clan (the main one in Mogadishu) and various prominent members
of the far-flung Somali diaspora have all failed to accommodate each other
and are largely responsible for the present fighting.
The Somali government has been particularly weak. It has used the latest
offensive partly to settle scores with its enemies. Its description of the
insurgents as al-Qaeda is self-serving. In reality, they include disaffected
Hawiye people, profiteers, and nationalists who cannot bear having Ethiopians
on Somali soil. There may be a few hundred jihadist fighters and perhaps
a dozen or so who can properly be classified as al-Qaeda. But the government
’s failure to make concessions to the Hawiye raises al-Qaeda’s hope that
Somalia may become a hub of instability and a new front in a holy war against
Ethiopia—and the West. A ceasefire proposed by America looks unlikely to
take hold. A national reconciliation conference has been put off until the
summer. Ferocious fighting between clans has broken out in Kismayo, a southern
port. More Somalis, trying desperately to reach Yemen across the Red Sea
in small boats, are being drowned off Somalia’s northern coast.
This is all bad for Ethiopia. Morale among its troops is dropping; some have
deserted. Another war with Eritrea is in the offing, along with terrorism
by separatist and Islamist groups at home. The insurgency in Mogadishu has
pepped up the Ogaden National Liberation Front, an ethnic-Somali group fighting
for the autonomy of the Ogaden region, in eastern Ethiopia; this week it
attacked a Chinese oil-exploration facility in the desert there, killing
some 65 Ethiopians and nine Chinese, apparently with help from Eritrean
intelligence.
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