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发信人: LLRRPP (little red peach), 信区: English
标 题: VOA英语广播收听技巧(3)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sun Mar 23 13:37:42 2003) , 转信
VOA英语广播收听技巧(3)
7. 怎样听记新闻中的数字
这里主要谈四位以上的数字和带小数点的百分数的听记问题。
在收听VOA英语广播的过程中,听众时常会碰到许多数字,这是我国英语学习者的一大难关
,四位数以上的数字更是如此。原因是英汉两种语言的计数单位不完全一样。它们的最大
区别是:汉语中有"万"和"亿"这两个计数单位,英语没有;而英语的million(百万)和b
illion(十亿)这两个计数单位,汉语里却是在它们的前面加上十,百,千而构成的复合
计数单位,于是形成了英汉数字的不同表示法。
英汉两种语言的计数单位是不一致的,英语每四位数,汉语每五位数要变更其计数单位的
名称,这就形成了四位以上数字的不同表示法。这些不同的表示法给英语学习者,尤其是
给来辨别数量单位并接受信息的英语广播听众带来了很大的困难。
怎样才能克服这一困难,做到准确无误地听记英语新闻中出现的数字呢?根据我们的收听
和教学实践,发现采取以下步骤,比较容易听记:
1)根据美国英语中每逢四位数就要变更计数单位的规则,记数时采用国际习惯每隔三位数
用一逗号分开,即1,000以上的数:先从后向前数,每三位数加一",",第一个","
号前为thousand,第二个","号前为million,第三个","号前为billion(在英国英语国
家中为thousand million),然后一节一节表示。例如:123,456,895,167,读成one
hundred (and) twenty three billion four hundred (and) fifty-six million eight
hundred (and) ninety-five thousand one hundred and sixty-seven.从这一读法中不难
看出:除了trillion,billion,和million外,其他数字都是百、十、个的反复使用。
2)以trillion,billion,million和thousand为中心,收听时集中注意力听清楚是多少个
trillion,多少个billion,多少个million和多少个thousand,及时记下并在它们的后面
分别用","分开,没有具体数字的就打上"0"。当然trillion的前面还有一些更大的计数词
,其规律都是一样的。
3)注意数字的书写表达方法。一般说来,英语数字的书写方法有以下三种:
(1)如果数字能用一个单独单词来表达,就直接写出该单词。如:"一"、"九"、"十五"、
"八十"就分别写作one,nine,fifteen和eighty。
(2)如果数字要用一个复合数词或几个数词来表达,如:"二十一"、"九十九"、"一百零
一"、"一千八百七十六"等等,通常就写出阿拉伯数字"21"、"99"、"101"、"1,876"等等
。
(3)如果数字是比较大的整数,常常要用阿拉伯数字加英语单词一起来表达。如"一百六
十万"、"四十五亿"就写成"1.6 million"和"4.5 billion"等等。
另外,还有一些数字可以有两种读法。例如:
1,000可读作one thousand或ten hundred,
4,500可读作four thousand five hundred或forty-five hundred,
500,000可读作five hundred thousand或half million。
在VOA的英语广播中,如果数字达到或超过了billion,Special English和Standard Engl
ish 的读法通常都不一样。如:The Chinese News Agency says China's population ha
s grown to 1,031,882,511 persons. (St.) Standard English的播音员将这一数字读作
one billion thirty-one million eight hundred eighty-two thousand five hundred
eleven。而Special English的播音员将这一数字读作one thousand thirty-one million
。又如:World Bank President A. W. Clausen says the bank will lend China 1,000
,000,000 next year. (St.) Standard English的播音员将这一数字读作one billion,而
Special English的播音员将这一数字读作one thousand million,这一读法避免了使用b
illion这一没有被VOA Special English Wordbook收进的难词。
数字中的另一难点是带有小数点的百分数,我们常常在经济、金融和其他涉及较精确的百
分比的新闻中遇到。这些数字,特别是百分之零点几的数字的读法比较难懂,有的有几种
读法,在一般的辞书和语法书中很难找到满意的答案。现根据录音材料,从这摘录一些含
有这些数字的典型单句,按一定的规律排列如下,供读者参考:
The report noted that the slowdown is less than the four and one half per cent
(4.5%) drop in such economic activity during the last three months of 1981.
The second largest bank in the United States, the city Bank of New York, has r
aised its prime interest rates to sixteen and one half per cent (16.5%).
He (World Bank President A. W. Claysen) praised China's economic progress in t
he last two years, noting the Chinese economy has grown almost seven point fiv
e per cent (7.5%) in the time of world recession.
The Labor Department said almost 11 million Americans were out of work, about
nine point eight per cent (9.8%) of the work force.
Almost 10 million persons in the US were unemployed in March. That means nine
per cent (9%) of the American labor forces was out of work, and increase of tw
o tenths of one per cent (0.2%) over February's rate.
Consumer prices in the US increased by only two tenths of one per cent (0.2%)
in February.
Producer prices in the United States increased by one tenth of one per cent (0
.1%) in April, the first rise since January. Government economists say produce
r prices rose at yealy rate of only four tenths of one per cent (0.4%) during
the first four months of this year.
The Labor Department reports that producer prices increased by only one half o
f one per cent (0.5%) in October.
The Federal Reserve Board says industrial production dropped eight tenths of o
ne per cent (0.8%) in October.
The Labor Department reports the prices in the US lowered only six tenths of o
ne per cent (0.6%) last month. Prices has risen one fourth per cent (0.25%) in
May and June.
The World has a huge supply of fresh water, rivers, rain water, lakes and unde
rground wells. But experts say that only abut one third of one per cent (0.3%
or 1/3%) of the world's total water supply is naturally safe for drinking.
总的来说,英语数字的听记是英语学习者的一大难点,除了掌握一定的规律和技巧外,必
须通过大量的听说读写训练,才能达到比较迅速而准确的目的。
8. 重视新闻导语的核心作用
前面已经介绍,新闻导语是每条新闻的中心要点,它扼要地叙述了每条新闻的主要内容,
如果我们首先听懂了导语,理解了导语的基本意思,那么随着播音员一步一步地向纵深发
展,我们就能对所播内容有一个全面的了解。例如:
British Foreign Secretary Francis Pym has cancelled a visit to Saudi Arabia. H
e was to stop in Riyadh while on a tour of Persian Gulf capitals beginning lat
er this week. Reports from London said the Foreign Office played down suggesti
on of a diplomatic rift and said only that the dates of Secretary Pym's trip w
ere not convenient in Riyadh. However, the London Times published a letter by
a senior Saudi Arabian official saying Britain has humiliatedArab countries. T
he letter said Britain's refusal last year to welcome an Arab delegation that
included a PLO official should not go unpublished. (St.)
这条Standard English新闻的导语说英国外交大臣取消了对沙特阿拉伯的访问,这是中心
内容,后面叙述了原因。
在叙述的过程中,播音员常常用一句话对事件前一阶段的情况进行简单地回顾或对本次事
件有直接影响的历史问题进行扼要地说明。以唤起听众的回忆,引起联想,帮助听众理解
新闻。例如:
Teheran Iran says it will continue its fight against Iraq even though Iraq say
s it has withdrawn all its troops from Iranian territory. Iran promised to fig
ht until all its demands are met by what it called the dying government of Ira
q. Iran has demanded hundreds of millions of dollars in war damage payments fr
om Iraq. Iran also wants the ouster and trial of Iraqi President Saddam Hussei
n. Iraq earlier announced that it has completed the withdrawal of all its troo
ps from Iran. President Hussein had promised nine days ago that the troops wou
ld be withdrawn. He also declared a ceasefire by Iraqi forces. (Sp.)
这条Special English新闻最后的三句话就是对伊拉克前一阶段的行动与立场的简要回顾,
有助于听众理解目前伊朗的行动,承诺和 要求。又如:
The Soviet Union has made an overture to Albania aimed at reestablishing diplo
matic relations between the two nations. The offer mad public in Soviet Commun
ist Party newspaper Pravda in an article marking the 38th anniversary of Alban
ia's liberation from the Italian and German forces at the end of World War II.
Albania broke relations with the Soviet Union eleven years ago accusing Mosco
w of interfering in its internal affairs. (St.)
这条Standard English新闻的最后一句话是对十一年前阿苏断交的原因进行的交代。
从上面的例子可以看出新闻导语的重要作用。因此,我们应该给予特别重视。一般说来,
Special English新闻可利用电头来抓住导语,播音员在读完每一个电头之后,都有1-3秒
钟的停顿,接着便是该条新闻的导语。所以Special English的导语是不难抓住的。
但Standard English就不一样了。Standard English速度快,第一句话常常来得突然,要
立即听懂,并留下较深的印象的确比较困难。但只要有目的、有意识地坚持进行训练,达
到抓住导语的目的是完全可能的。刚开始收听标准英语广播时,我们可能连每条新闻之间
的间隔都难以分清,这就需要充分利用播音员的语调所提供的信息。比如:第一条新闻,
听众就可以从It is 00:00 (zero hour) Greenwich Mean Time and here is the news f
rom the Voice of America. I'm so-and-so in Washington. 这条固定的开头语中辨别出
来。在每条新闻的末尾,播音员常常要降低声调,然后经过 一段相对来说较长的停顿(约
1-2秒),再提高声调,开始另一条新闻,如果听众这时能听到新的新闻内容,就说明下
一条新闻开始了。经过一段时间的训练,就能逐渐分清每条新闻的始末,进而抓住新闻导
语。
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