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发信人: phychae (愤而忘食,乐而忘优), 信区: English
标 题: NCE4--22
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年06月02日15:39:01 星期一), 站内信件
Lesson 22
Knowledge and progress
知识和进步
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音,然后回答以下问题。
In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely pr
ogress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming
more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement
in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumu
lation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of on
e individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the inv
ention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not o
nly communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and educa
tion in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind o
f compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printi
ng. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tem
po was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a
systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torr
ent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to pract
ical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a bala
nced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to
practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done w
ith all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged w
eapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indiffe
rently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical t
han that of gunners ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold
use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.
G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man
New words and expressions 生词和短语
loom
v. 赫然耸起
manifest
adj.明显的
morality
n. 道德
communicate
v. 交流,交际
compound
adj. 复合的
enhance
v. 增进
tempo
n. 速率
trickle
n. 涓涓细流
torrent
n. 滔滔洪流
humanity
n. 人类
indifferently
adv. 不在乎地
grimly
adv. 可怖地
whimsical
adj. 怪诞的
shatter
v. 毁坏
twofold
adj. 双重的
参考译文
为什么进步这个概念在现代世界显得如此突出?无疑是因为有一种特殊的进步实际上
正在我们周围发生,而且变得越来越明显。虽然人类有智力和道德上没有得到普遍提高,
但在知识积累方面却取得了巨大的进步。人一旦能用语言同别人交流思想,知识的积累便
开始了。随着书写的发明,又迈进了一大步,因为这样一来,知识不仅能交流,而且能储
存了。藏书使教育成为可能,而教育反过来又丰富了藏书,因为知识的增长遵循着一种“
滚雪球”的规律。印刷术的发明又大大提高了知识增长的速度。所有这些发展都比较缓慢
,而随着科学的到来,增长的速度才突然加快。于是,知识便开始有系统有计划地积累起
来。涓涓细流汇成小溪,小溪现已变成了奔腾的江河。而且,新知识一旦获得,便得到实
际应用。所谓“现代文明”并不是人的天性平衡发展的结果,而是积累起来的知识应用到
实际生活中的结果。现在人类面临的问题是:用这些知识去做什么?正像人们常常指出的
,知识是一把双刃刀,可以用于造福,也可以用来为害。人们现在正漫不经心地把知识用
于这两个方面,例如:炮兵利用科学毁坏人的身体、而外科医生就在附近用科学抢救被炮
兵毁坏的人体,还有什么情景比这更可怕、更怪诞的吗?我们不得不严肃地问问我们自己
:随着日益增长的知识的力量,如果我们继续利用知识的这种双重性,将会发生什么样的
情况呢?
--
每天5点的时钟一响,我的手就从键盘上移开,“下班,下班,。。。”
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