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发信人: phychae (愤而忘食,乐而忘优), 信区: English
标 题: NCE4--25
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年06月02日15:40:30 星期一), 站内信件
Lesson 25
Non-auditory effects of noise
噪音的非听觉效应
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音,然后回答以下问题。
What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?
May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of
noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are
not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the o
ther hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence
to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise a
batement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets
to be associated with had science.
One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent
article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illust
ration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She wa
s yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the
text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typ
ewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a menta
l hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely
a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours we
re combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious a
bout believing this statement.
What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people livi
ng under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more ofte
n than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, e
xamined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was
known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from
an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship w
ith several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is
a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective
tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result m
erely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of
noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychia
tric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it
does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orpha
nage -- which really is mental health hazard.
D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey
New words and expressions 生词和短语
auditory
adj. 听觉的
inadequate
adj. 不适当的
plea
n. 要求
abatement
n. 减少
discredit
v. 怀疑
allegation
n. 断言
caption
n. 插图说明
wreck
n. 残废人
snag
n. 疑难之处,障碍
anecdote
n. 轶闻
slander
v. 诽谤
persecute
v. 迫害
squadron
n. 中队
psychiatric
adj. 精神病学的
diagnosis
n. 诊所
orphanage
n. 孤儿院
参考译文
在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会,他们认为对这个问
题进行调查中浪费时间,甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面,那些讨厌噪音的
人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。要求减少噪
音是件好事,但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话,就不会被人们所信任,这是很遗憾
的。
常见的一种指责是,噪音能引起精神病。例如,最近一家周报刊登了一篇文章,文章
上方有一幅引人注目的插图,是一位表情沮丧的女子。图的文字说明:“她是又一个受害
者,成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急切地看完正文后,便知道这女子是个打字员,办
公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦,最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是无法区
别因果关系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢,还是(精神)病的症状之一是对噪音的抱怨?
另有一位病人可能同样有理由抱怨说,她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进行诽谤和迫害,不
过,人们不会轻信她的抱怨。
对于噪音问题,需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究,看一看他们是否比其他人更
易患精神病。例如,美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人,这次调查被称
之为:“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方,机场的噪音也会使人难受。
因此,如果你能想像出和几个中队的喷气机同在一个甲板上是什么滋味儿的话,你就会认
识到现代海军是研究噪音的好地方。但是,不管进行精神病学的调查访问,还是进行客观
的测试,都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国
早些时候的研究结论:如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话,那也一定是微乎其微,以致现代
的精神病诊断方法还发现不了。这并不是证实不存在噪音对健康的影响。但它确实说明,
噪音的危险性 -- 比如说 -- 比在孤儿院长大所受的危害要小一些,孤儿院才是真正危害
精神健康的地方。
--
being a dancer in the wind
breathe the fresh air
taste the free feeling
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