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发信人: ersy (又被关了?), 信区: English
标 题: China counts down to great leap forward in s...(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月12日14:08:11 星期天), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 Green 讨论区 】
【 原文由 ebonjovi 所发表 】
神舟计划的缘由及影响(路透社10月10日精彩报道,附参考译文)
China counts down to great leap forward in space
中国太空大跃进开始倒计时
Reuters October 10, 2003
BEIJING, Oct 10 (Reuters) - More than 40 years ago, Soviet astronaut Yuri Gaga
rin blasted into orbit inside what was described as a tin can on top of a bomb
, becoming first out of the blocks in the Cold War space race with the United
States.
路透社北京10月10日讯,在40多年前,苏联宇航员尤里·加加林乘坐在一个被描述为炸弹
头上的锡罐头中,发射进入轨道,成为与美冷战期间太空竞赛中第一个起跑的人。
Next week, China is due to become only the third nation to send a manned vehic
le into space, the climax of a programme launched by Mao Zedong in the 1950s.
下周,中国预计将成为把载人飞船送入太空的第三个国家,这是自毛泽东于1950年代启动
太空计划以来的高潮。
If things go according to plan, China will no doubt erupt in nationalistic cel
ebration while other countries, in particular the United States, might be prom
pted to inject some urgency into their own space programmes.
如果事情按计划进行,中国毫无疑问将迸发民族主义的欢庆,然而其他国家,特别是美国
,可能会被促使增加他们自己太空计划中的紧迫感。
"A successful manned mission should galvanise American decision makers to pay
more attention to the American space effort," said Mark Whittington, a space p
olicy analyst based in Houston, Texas.
“一次成功的载人任务,会刺激美国决策者把更多的注意力放在美国的太空努力上,”德
克萨斯休斯顿的太空政策分析家马克·维廷顿说。
"The fact that China will be demonstrating the ability to send people into low
Earth orbit while the ageing space shuttle fleet is grounded for at least ano
ther year should be the source of embarrassment and concern for American polit
icians."
“中国将证明具有把人类送入近地轨道的能力,然而老化的美国航天飞机机队却将再滞留
在地面上至少一年,这应该是美国政治家的尴尬之源和关注点。”
The U.S. shuttle Columbia broke up over Texas in February, killing all seven a
stronauts. NASA's three remaining shuttles have been grounded and will not fly
until September 2004 at the earliest.
今年一月,美国航天飞机哥伦比亚号在德克萨斯上空爆炸,导致所有七名宇航员死亡。NA
SA的剩余三艘航天飞机(自此一直)滞留在地面,而且最早在2004年9月以前不会飞行。
It was the latest setback for a U.S. space programme the early driving force f
or which came from an intense battle for supremacy in space with the former So
viet Union.
这是美国太空计划的最新挫折。美国太空计划的最初动力,来自于与前苏联的激烈的太空
争霸战。
Aided by German rocket scientists after World War Two, the Cold War enemies co
mpeted fiercely in a race galvanised by the U.S. dropping of an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima in 1945 and the Soviet testing of its first atomic bomb four years
later.
第二次世界大战后,在德国火箭科学家的帮助下,冷战的敌手们在一场竞赛中进行激烈的
竞争,这场竞争系受到美国1945年在广岛扔下一枚原子弹和苏联四年后试验其首颗原子弹
的刺激。
In the 1950s, the competition helped spawn fears in the United States of "reds
under the bed" and nuclear attack, which in turn sparked the making of backya
rd fallout shelters and breathless propaganda space invader movies.
在1950年代,这种竞争帮助催生了美国对于“床下的赤色革命”和核攻击的恐惧,这相应
推动了建造后院防核掩体,以及拍摄恐怖的宣传太空入侵者的电影。
ROCKET MAN
火箭人
Moscow took the lead with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, the first artificia
l satellite ever launched. A year later, U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower sent
a bill to Congress to create NASA -- the National Aeronautics and Space Admin
istration.
莫斯科在1957年发射了“旅伴”一号,这是人类发射的第一颗人造卫星。一年后,美国总
统德怀特·艾森豪威尔把一份关于设置NASA――国家航空航天局――的议案送交国会。
Three years later, Gagarin orbited the Earth and impoverished China, exhausted
by its disastrous Great Leap Forward campaign of industrial expansion, could
only look on with awe.
三年后,加加林进入地球轨道,而贫穷的中国被其灾难性的工业扩张“大跃进”弄得筋疲
力尽,只能怀着敬畏之心观望。
Now China, the world's most populous country with an economy accelerating at b
reakneck speed, is counting down to the expected October 15 launch of the Shen
zhou V, or "Divine Ship", with at least one astronaut on board.
现在的中国,是世界上人口最多的国家,经济高速发展,正在进入预计10月15日发射的至
少搭载一名宇航员的神舟(或“神之船”)五号的倒计时。
Ironically, anti-communist fears gave China's rocket programme an early boost
when the United States forced Qian Weichang, a Chinese scientist working at a
top U.S. rocket facility, back to his homeland in the late 1940s.
具有讽刺意味的是,反共分子的恐惧给了中国火箭计划以最初的推动,当时美国强迫正在
美国顶级火箭机构工作的中国科学家钱伟长(原文如此)在1940年代晚期返回其祖国。
The Shenzhou mission has been shrouded in secrecy after a string of failed sat
ellite launches in the 1980s and 1990s. China has kept recent lift-offs quiet,
announcing them only after success was confirmed.
在1980年代和1990年代一系列卫星发射失败后,神舟任务就被置于秘密状态。中国对最近
的发射保持沉默,只是在确认(任务)成功后才宣布。
A successful launch, on the heels of Beijing's winning of the right to host th
e 2008 Olympics, is likely to fuel nationalism as China seeks a place on the w
orld stage as a great power. The launch would come a day after the Communist P
arty Central Committee's annual meeting and two weeks after the National Day h
oliday.
紧跟着北京赢得2008年奥运会的主办权后,在中国寻求世界舞台的一个大国地位的时候,
一次成功的发射可能为民族主义注入动力。
Analysts said a triumphant flight also would help further the country's increa
singly space-focused military and intelligence activities, an issue not lost o
n the United States, Japan, India and South Korea.
分析家说,一次成功的飞行也会帮助提升这个国家日益增加的以太空为中心的军事和情报
活动,这是一个不会不影响美国、日本、印度和南韩的问题。
"I have always been sure that Project 921 was 'sold' to the Chinese politician
s on the basis of military applications," said Phillip Clark, head of the Brit
ish-based Molniya Space Consultancy, using the codename for China's manned spa
ce programme.
“我一直确信921计划是在军事应用的基础上‘卖给’中国政治家的,”以英国为基地的莫
尼亚太空咨询所的负责人菲利浦·克拉克说,他使用了中国载人航天计划的代号。
"A future space station can be used as a reconnaissance platform with larger o
ptical systems, and thus better ground resolutions, than are currently carried
on unmanned satellites."
“一个未来的空间站可能被用作一个侦察平台,它带有较大光学系统,因此有比先前在无
人卫星上携带的(光学系统)更好的地面解像度。”
The "taikonaut", after the Chinese word for space, will not have many experime
nts to carry out, Clark said, but one piece of equipment likely to be mounted
on an orbital module was a high-resolution reconnaissance camera.
“太空人”(来自于中文“太空”)将不会进行很多的实验,克拉克说,但是可能登上轨
道舱的一件设备是一台高解像度的侦察照相机。
China, keen to be a world technology leader, is not limiting its space ambitio
ns to manned flight. It plans to explore the Moon and complete a space station
by 2020, before heading for Mars.
热心于成为世界技术领袖的中国,并未将其太空雄心局限于载人飞行。它计划探索月球,
并且在飞向火星之前,于2020前建造一个太空站。
Analysts said the plans were consistent with the country's other high-technolo
gy goals -- a third-generation mobile phone standard, software and a computer
chip industry.
分析家说,这项计划与这个国家的其他高技术目标相一致――第三代移动电话标准,软件
和计算机芯片产业。
Charles Vick, a space analyst for Globalsecurity.org, said China's programme w
ould force the United States to face issues it has managed to avoid since the
Cold War.
为Globalsecurity.org工作的太空分析家查尔斯·维克说,中国的太空计划会迫使美国面
对其自从冷战以来一直设法避免的问题。
"The potential introduction of a Third World space effort...does represent a m
ajor national security threat," he said.
“第三世界太空努力的可能介入……确实代表着一个重大的国家安全威胁,”他说。
But Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue denied any military motiv
ation.
但是中国外交部女发言人章启月否认了任何军事动机。
"Like other countries, China has always maintained the goal to use space peace
fully," she said.
“和其他国家一样,中国一直坚持和平利用太空的目的,”她说。
"China has always stood for the non-weaponisation of space, and the prevention
of an arms race in space is in line with the interests of all other countries
."
“中国一直支持太空非武器化,并且防止太空军备竞赛,这是符合所有其他国家的利益的
。”
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