English 版 (精华区)
发信人: Car (@hit.edu.cn), 信区: English
标 题: What machines lack?
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年05月28日15:18:22 星期三), 站内信件
Why is it that our computers have no grasp of ordinary life? Wouldn't it be
great if your search engine knew enough about life so that it could conclude
that when you typed in "a gift for my brother", it knew that because he had
just moved into his first apartment that he could probably use some new
furniture? Or if your cell phone knew enough about emergencies that, even
though you had silenced it in the movie theater, it could know to ring if
your mother were to call from the hospital? Or if your personal digital
assistant knew enough about people that it could know to cancel a hiking trip
with a friend who had just broken a leg?
Despite years of research into artificial intelligence, building machines
that can think about ordinary things the way any average person can is still
out of reach. To be sure, computers can now do many remarkable things. Recent
increases in computer power have allowed many years of research into
artificial intelligence to bear fruit. We now have programs that can play
chess at the level of the very best players, that can solve the logistics
problems of coordinating the most complex military deployments, and that can
help us engineer the most intricate computer chips to the most complex
airplane engines. There is no doubt that artificial intelligence has come
into its own as a successful field with many practical applications.
Yet how is it that we can write software that can do such complex things as
design airplane engines, but still we cannot build machines that can look at
a typical photograph and describe what is in it, or that can read the
simplest children's story and answer questions about it? We have been able to
write programs that exceed the capabilities of experts, yet we have not been
able to write programs that match the level of a three year old child at
recognizing objects, understanding sentences, or drawing the simplest
conclusions about ordinary life. Why is it that we can't seem to make
computers that can think about the world as any person can?
The problem seems not to be that computer scientists lack ideas about how to
write programs that can reason and solve problems. The field of artificial
intelligence is a veritable gold mine of techniques. There are programs that
can successfully diagnose medical symptoms, analyze and repair problems in
space craft, plan the best route for your rental car to your desired
destination, and transcribe speech into text. Each of these technologies
employs a different type of reasoning method, and there are many more methods
out there. We certainly do need new ideas about the mechanisms that underlie
intelligent behavior. But it seems more likely that we have more than enough
ideas about the ingredients of intelligence, and that the real problem lies
elsewhere.
The real problem is that computers do not know anything about us! Our
machines lack common sense -- all that ordinary knowledge that people in our
society share, things we understand so well we hardly even realize we know
them. Computers do not know what we look like, how we typically behave, or
what we are capable of. They do not know anything about the patterns of
people's lives, the places we spend our time, or the kinds of relationships
we have with each other. They know nothing of our hopes and fears, the things
we like and the things we loathe, or the feelings and emotions that motivate
and underlie everything we do. By giving computers ways to represent and
reason about knowledge about people, they can be made to become helpful and
eager participants in the human world.
--
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