English 版 (精华区)
发信人: murjun (萧牧), 信区: English
标 题: 感恩节——冬月的第四个星期四(EN)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年11月17日23:14:02 星期一), 站内信件
Thanksgiving Day
Fourth Thursday in November
Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plenti
ful harvest. The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgivin
g in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.
In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atl
antic Ocean to settle in the New World(新大陆). This religious group had beg
un to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separat
e from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. The
ir first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to g
row many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The
following spring the Iroquois Indians(美国纽约州东北部易洛魁族印第安人)taug
ht them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. They showed them other
crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.
In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley(大麦), beans and pump
kins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was
planned. They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians. The Indians brou
ght deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonist
s. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of co
rn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians
had even brought popcorn.
In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harve
st with a feast of thanks.
After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended on
e yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. George Washing
ton suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Then in 1863, at the e
nd of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set
aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every
year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.
Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away,
family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All giv
e thanks together for the good things that they have.
In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a t
raditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables th
roughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become
traditional.
Symbols of Thanksgiving
Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce(酸果曼沙司)are symbols which repr
esent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday de
corations and greeting cards. The use of corn meant the survival of the coloni
es. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the
fall season.
Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving
table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grow
s in bogs(沼泽), or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England stat
es. The Indians used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye
their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries wi
th sweetener(甜味佐料)and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it "ibim
i" which means "bitter berry." When the colonists saw it, they named it "crane
-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled
the long-necked bird called a crane. The berries are still grown in New Engla
nd.
In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedr
al of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgi
ving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over
the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New
World.
The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first Tha
nksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the
Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians.
In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to c
ook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have surviv
ed.
--
我非常喜欢在有风有雨的季节计划自己;
有风有雨后的季节晒着阳光我昏昏睡去;
睡去的我依然在甜梦中将曾有过的温习;
温习昨天前天等等的种种激情与过去。
Jim Mural
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 218.8.67.26]
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