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发信人: oceann (浪子回头金不换~), 信区: English
标 题: [好文共赏]Blind Nationalism
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sun Mar 7 22:39:47 2004), 站内信件
Is China a threat to the rest of the world?
Perhaps, for rising powers have always spelled trouble for their neighbors
, even in the case of democracies like Athens (the Peloponnesian War) and the
U.S. (we managed to invade Canada and Mexico in the 1800’s.
Yet what worries me about China isn’t its upgrade of its nuclear arsenal
and its military acquisitions to project power beyond its borders. China’s mi
litary doctrine is cautious, and President Hu Jintao is leading China toward a
n increasingly constructive role in international affairs.
No, what troubles me, as one who loves China and is rooting for it to succ
eed, is the growing nationalism that the government has cultivated among young
people.
Americans saw a hint of that when enraged mobs attacked our embassy in Bei
jing after the U.S. bombed the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade in 1999, and when C
hinese students reacted to the horror of 9/11 by filling Internet chat rooms w
ith delighted cheers of shuang — roughly equivalent to “Wow, so cool!“
But it’s in attitudes toward the Japanese that we see a leading indicator
of the instability that blind nationalism can cause. This fall, three Japanes
e students in the central Chinese city of Xian performed a bawdy skit, wearing
red bras over T-shirts and throwing the stuffing at their audience — and wor
d spread that the Riben guizi, Japanese devils, were mocking China. So a mob o
f 1,000 people rampaged through town, looking for any Japanese to attack.
In the same vein, fury had erupted around the country a few weeks earlier
because of reports that Japanese businessmen had engaged in an orgy with Chine
se prostitutes in the southern city of Zhuhai. The Chinese rage was hypocritic
al in a country where hundreds of thousands of prostitutes blatantly ply their
wares — in Zhengzhou last year, an army of prostitutes practically battered
down my hotel room door as I cowered inside.
Even the Chinese recounting of history has become hysterical. Take the Rap
e of Nanjing in 1937, which was so brutal that there’s no need to exaggerate
it. One appalled witness in the thick of the killing, John Rabe, put the death
toll at 50,000 to 60,000. Another, Miner Searle Bates, estimated that 12,000
civilians and 28,000 soldiers had been killed. The Chinese delegate to the Lea
gue of Nations at the time put the civilian toll at 20,000. A Communist Chines
e newspaper of the period put it at 42,000.
Yet China proclaims, based on accounts that stand little scrutiny, that 30
0,000 or more were killed. Such hyperbole abuses history as much as the denial
by Japanese rightists that there was any Rape of Nanjing at all. It nurtures
nationalism by defining China as a victim state, the world’s punching bag, th
at must be more aggressive in defending its interests.
What does this add up to? The rising nationalism warps Chinese decision-ma
king and risks conflicts with Japan over, for example, the disputed Senkaku/Di
aoyu islands. It also forces the government to be tough in international dispu
tes — particularly in the case of Taiwan, where a miscalculation could concei
vably lead to a war with the U.S.
“Some Chinese military leaders are saying that Japan is secretly behind T
aiwan’s moves toward a referendum and independence,“ warned a well-connected
Chinese who knows that this is nonsense. “They say it is all a Japanese plot
to steal Taiwan from China.“
The reasons for rising Chinese nationalism are complex and include a justi
fied anger at Japan’s reluctance to apologize for war atrocities. But one fac
tor is the way the Chinese government has been pushing nationalist buttons in
an effort to create a new national glue to hold the country together as ideolo
gy dissolves. By constantly excoriating the Japanese nationalists of the 1930’
s, they are emulating them.
One of the lessons of 1930’s Japan and Germany is that ferocious national
ism is a real global security risk, and it’s a matter that the U.S. and other
countries should respectfully raise with President Hu. To their credit, some
farsighted Chinese intellectuals are calling for changing China’s “victim me
ntality,“ recognizing that it is one of the greatest obstacles to China’s ma
turing into the global leader that it should be.
Meanwhile, we in the West are bashing China, unfairly and demagogically, o
ver its exports. But we’re missing the risk in China’s rise. The menace isn’
t in its trade policies, but in its nationalist psychology.
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